证据存疑的无罪判决研究

发布时间：2019-04-15 14:19

【摘要】：就无罪判决而言,新《刑事诉讼法》已经确定了疑罪从无原则。但是由于司法观念文化、司法权力格局、被害人心理情绪、司法能力建设等方面的原因,“有法可依—疑罪从无原则已经确立”与“有法必依—真正能够对疑罪案件依法宣告无罪”之间,还存在一定的差距。要在全社会普遍树立无罪推定、疑罪从无依然是“路漫漫其修远”。法院审判是刑事诉讼实现法律公平正义的最后一道防线,针对刑事司法实践中频繁出现的冤假错案以及证据存疑的无罪判决难的实际问题,如何构建科学合理的无罪裁判机制,正确把握疑罪从无,保障人民法院能够依法合理地进行无罪判决,这是我们司法实践中亟需解决的问题。本文首先通过论证证据存疑无罪判决的理论基础,接着说明证据存疑无罪判决目前的中国现状以及从立法、司法机关内部、诉讼观念、法官的裁判能力这四个方面来分析导致证据存疑无罪判决难以作出的原因并讨论了证据存疑无罪判决难以作出而导致的种种现实危害。在本文的第三个部分也对大陆法系以及英美法系中有关证据存疑无罪判决的相关规定进行了考察,试图得到能够解决我国证据存疑无罪判决难这个实际问题的相关借鉴。最后,提出本人关于构建科学合理的无罪判决机制的几点设想,希望能够为推动司法体制的改革与进步贡献一点绵薄之力。同时透过对无罪判决的研究,也能够有效打击犯罪和保护人权,积极维护司法机关的公信力和权威以及保障社会的和谐与稳定。
[Abstract]:As far as the acquittal is concerned, the new Code of Criminal procedure has established that there is no principle for suspected offences. However, due to the culture of judicial concept, the pattern of judicial power, the psychological mood of the victim, and the construction of judicial capacity, and so on, There is still a certain gap between "there is law to abide by-there is no principle of suspect crime has been established" and "there is a certain gap between" there is a law must be abided by-can truly acquit a suspected crime case according to law ". In order to establish the presumption of innocence in the whole society, suspect crime is still a long way. Court trial is the last line of defense for the realization of legal fairness and justice in criminal procedure. In view of the frequent cases of wrongs and wrongs in criminal judicial practice and the practical problems of the difficulty of acquittal judgment in evidence, how to construct a scientific and reasonable adjudication mechanism of innocence is how to construct a scientific and reasonable adjudication mechanism of innocence. It is an urgent problem in our judicial practice to correctly grasp the non-existence of suspected crimes and ensure that the people's courts can carry out the verdict of innocence in accordance with the law. This paper first demonstrates the theoretical basis of the conviction of suspected innocence of evidence, and then explains the present situation of the verdict of doubt and innocence of evidence and the concept of litigation from the perspective of legislation, internal judicial organs, and litigation. The four aspects of judge's adjudicative ability are to analyze the reasons why it is difficult to make a suspect acquittal judgment of evidence and discuss all kinds of practical harm caused by the difficulty of making a suspect acquittal judgment of evidence. In the third part of this paper, the author also makes an investigation of the relevant provisions in the continental law system and the common law system concerning the verdict of suspected innocence of evidence, and tries to obtain some relevant references that can solve the practical problem of the difficulty of the verdict of doubt and innocence of evidence in the civil law system and the common law system. Finally, the author puts forward some ideas on how to construct a scientific and reasonable acquittal mechanism, hoping to contribute a little contribution to the reform and progress of the judicial system in the hope of promoting the reform and progress of the judicial system. At the same time, through the study of acquittal, it can also effectively combat crime and protect human rights, actively safeguard the credibility and authority of the judiciary, and ensure the harmony and stability of the society.
【学位授予单位】：江西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.2

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