我国司法鉴定管理体制问题研究

发布时间：2019-06-20 03:56

【摘要】：在诉讼中,鉴定意见是重要的科学性证据,司法鉴定管理制度可以对鉴定意见的作出和适用带来影响。我国在推进司法鉴定改革中遇到一些困难和问题,造成司法鉴定统一管理体制的不完善。本文通过对司法鉴定管理体制存在的问题进行分析,并借助国外成功的鉴定管理制度,试图完善我国的司法鉴定管理体制。本文除去引言和结语,共分成四部分。第一部分是我国司法鉴定改革的现状。首先,介绍司法鉴定的概念和特征。司法鉴定的概念在法律上已经有明确界定,该定义符合司法鉴定的科学性、合法性和中立性特征。其次,对我国司法鉴定改革的概况进行介绍。我国司法鉴定改革取得的成效是明显的,但是在司法鉴定机构设置及管理、鉴定类别的统一管理以及鉴定人执业监督方面仍有缺陷,因此,必须继续对司法鉴定管理体制进行改革。第二部分是我国司法鉴定管理制度存在的问题。我国司法鉴定管理体制有欠缺的部分,具体问题是：现有的鉴定机构设置不科学,职能鉴定机构与社会鉴定机构的管理不同步；“三大类”鉴定管理不到位,其他类鉴定统一管理机制不完善,数套鉴定人名册共存；司法行政部门怠于对鉴定人履职的管理,影响鉴定意见的运用。第三部分是大陆法系鉴定人制度与英美法系专家证人制度的研究。通过对德国、法国和荷兰鉴定人管理体制和英国、美国专家证人管理制度介绍,分析以上国家鉴定人管理体制的优劣,希望可以找到完善我国鉴定管理体制的有益经验。第四部分是我国司法鉴定管理体制问题的解决机制。在分析问题、引入国外成功经验的基础上,建议从以下方面完善我国的司法鉴定管理体制：加强司法鉴定机构管理、立法明确司法鉴定类别的管理及健全司法鉴定执业监督制度。
[Abstract]:In litigation, the appraisal opinion is the important scientific evidence, the judicial appraisal management system can bring the influence to the appraisal opinion making and the application. China has encountered some difficulties and problems in promoting the reform of judicial expertise, resulting in the imperfection of the unified management system of judicial expertise. Based on the analysis of the problems existing in the judicial expertise management system, and with the help of the successful identification management system in foreign countries, this paper tries to perfect the judicial expertise management system in our country. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this paper is divided into four parts. The first part is the present situation of judicial expertise reform in our country. First of all, it introduces the concept and characteristics of judicial expertise. The concept of judicial expertise has been clearly defined in law, which accords with the characteristics of scientific, legitimacy and neutrality of judicial expertise. Secondly, the general situation of judicial expertise reform in China is introduced. The achievements of judicial expertise reform in our country are obvious, but there are still defects in the establishment and management of judicial expertise institutions, the unified management of identification categories and the supervision of experts' practice. Therefore, it is necessary to continue to reform the judicial expertise management system. The second part is the problems existing in the judicial expertise management system of our country. The specific problems in the judicial expertise management system of our country are as follows: the establishment of the existing appraisal institutions is not scientific, and the management of the functional appraisal institutions is not synchronized with that of the social appraisal institutions; the "three categories" appraisal management is not in place, the unified management mechanism of other types of identification is not perfect, and several sets of expert rosters coexist; the judicial administrative department slackens in the management of the experts to perform their duties, which affects the application of the appraisal opinions. The third part is the research of expert witness system in civil law system and expert witness system in common law system. Through the introduction of the expert management system in Germany, France and the Netherlands and the expert witness management system in the United Kingdom and the United States, this paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the expert management system in the above countries, and hopes to find useful experience in perfecting the appraisal management system in our country. The fourth part is the solution mechanism of the judicial expertise management system in our country. On the basis of analyzing the problems and introducing the successful experience of foreign countries, it is suggested that the judicial expertise management system of our country should be improved from the following aspects: strengthening the management of judicial expertise institutions, legislating to clarify the management of judicial expertise categories and perfecting the judicial expertise practice supervision system.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D925.2

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