对中国公民平等行使选举权的思考

发布时间：2018-12-18 00:52

【摘要】：民主的核心在选举,而选举的要义在于平等地行使选举权。中国公民在行使选举权的过程中也面临诸多问题,需要结合我国的具体情况不断完善选举制度、规范选举行为来保障选举权的平等行使。本文共一万六千余字,分序论、本论、结论部分。本论分三部分,第一部分从梳理选举权发展的历史为切入点,通过选举主体的扩展和选票效率的变化这两条历史主线去认知选举权的内涵,充分了解普遍性与平等性在选举过程中的含义,并对选举权与被选举权二者的辩证统一关系做了说明。在选举实践中,选举权是通过选举制度得以实现的;在理论研究中,选举权存在权利说、义务说和权利义务说三种观点。通过对选举权的历史审视、制度发展和理论学说的分析研究,对公民平等行使选举权有了初步的了解。第二部分分析中国公民行使选举权的现状,集中归纳了三个问题。一是提名权的问题;二是外来务工人员选举权利的缺失问题及异地参选面临的困境;三是两性政治参与上的差异问题。第三部分是对上述问题提出的对策与建议,具体包括:从程序上改革候选人的提名方法;进一步保证提名程序的科学性;改革选区划分标准的方法来解决提名权的问题。以加快户籍制度改革;科学划分选区;促进异地人口参与社区活动入手来完善异地选举制度。转变观念,增强女性参选意识;优化女性参选的外部环境;提高女性自身素质,从这三个方面入手来创造女性平等参与选举的必要条件。文章最后指出,真正平等地行使选举权是一个逐渐发展的、不断追求民主的过程,中国民主也一定会在逐步的发展中不断前进与完善。文章力求以逻辑说理,以事实说话。本文把选举法基础理论研究与选举制度现状相结合,通过把社会学的研究成果和统计数据资料运用其中,以期提出可靠合理的论证。
[Abstract]:The core of democracy is elections, and the essence of elections is to exercise the right to vote equally. Chinese citizens also face many problems in the process of exercising the right to vote. It is necessary to constantly perfect the electoral system and standardize the electoral behavior to guarantee the equal exercise of the right to vote in the light of the specific conditions of our country. There are more than 16000 words in this paper, order theory, this theory, conclusion part. This theory is divided into three parts. In the first part, from combing the history of the development of the right to vote as the breakthrough point, through the expansion of the election subject and the change of the efficiency of the ballot, we can understand the connotation of the right to vote. This paper fully understands the meaning of universality and equality in the process of election, and explains the dialectical unity between the right to vote and the right to stand for election. In the practice of election, the right to vote is realized through the electoral system, and in the theoretical research, there are three viewpoints: the right to vote, the duty and the right and duty. By examining the history of voting right, analyzing the development of system and theory, we have a preliminary understanding of citizens' equal exercise of the right to vote. The second part analyzes the status quo of Chinese citizens exercising the right to vote, and summarizes three problems. The first is the right to nominate, the other is the lack of the right to vote for migrant workers and the difficulties they face in running in different places; the third is the difference in political participation between men and women. The third part is to put forward the countermeasures and suggestions to the above problems, including: reforming the nomination method of candidates from the procedure; further ensuring the scientific nature of the nomination procedure; and reforming the method of the standard of constituency demarcation to solve the problem of nominating right. In order to speed up the reform of the household registration system, scientifically demarcate the electoral district, and promote the participation of the population in the community activities, the election system in different places should be perfected. Changing ideas, strengthening women's consciousness of running for election, optimizing the external environment of women's participation in elections, improving women's own quality, and creating the necessary conditions for women's equal participation in elections from these three aspects. Finally, it is pointed out that the exercise of the right to vote on an equal footing is a process of gradual development and constant pursuit of democracy, and that democracy in China will certainly advance and improve in the course of gradual development. The article tries to use logic to reason and facts to speak. This paper combines the basic theory research of electoral law with the present situation of electoral system, and applies the research results and statistical data of sociology in order to put forward a reliable and reasonable demonstration.
【学位授予单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D921.2

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