我国刑法中特别没收的对象研究

发布时间：2018-01-01 03:06

本文关键词：我国刑法中特别没收的对象研究　出处：《西南政法大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国刑法中的特别没收,是指由法院裁决,对与犯罪有密切关联的“违禁品”、“供犯罪所用的本人财物”和“违法所得的一切财物”进行的强制性处分措施。特别没收的对象并非是合法财产,而是与犯罪相关的物品。由于在我国立法上关于特别没收制度及其对象的规定相当粗疏,主要体现在刑法典第六十四条,因而导致对其的认识和理解各有不同,出现了诸多的理论争议和实践困境,既不利于法律的正确有效实施,更不利于对触犯刑律者及相关权利者的的人权保障。因此,本文拟从实体法与比较法的视角出发,合理借鉴域外相关立法例,对特别没收制度的概念、性质、立法目的及对象范围展开较为深入的研究,为完善立法和统一司法建言。本文由引言、正文构成。引言,介绍了本文的论题、研究综述、研究方法、理论及实践意义等。正文是本文的主体内容,分为以下四个部分:第一部分,特别没收制度概述。这部分对特别没收的概念、性质、历史发展及其正当性根据进行了界定、阐述和探讨。本文认为,特别没收与一般没收、行政没收和民事没收有根本不同,属于保安处分措施。特别没收的正当性根据在于社会防卫和人权保障。第二部分,特别没收对象的理论争议和实践困境。这部分一方面介绍了理论界对于特别没收三类对象之具体范围的争议交锋点,如第三人所有的违禁品是否应予没收、“供犯罪所用”的判断标准、善意第三人是否可以取得赃物的所有权等等;另一方面引用真实案例叙述了实务界对于特别没收制度适用的现状——适用率低;因追缴、没收对象错误而引起国家赔偿诉讼;同类案件同一对象要否特别没收差异较大,并试图分析引起上述问题的原因。第三部分,特别没收对象的辨析和界定。此部分是本文的重点,主要研究了特别没收之“违禁品”、“供犯罪所用的本人财物”和“违法所得的一切财物”的具体认定规则。通过对立法中每一类对象逐字逐词的详细解读,力图为解决争议和困境提供一条可行的路径。本文认为,当违禁品属第三人所有时,应当视第三人有无违禁情形及对犯罪的主观心理态度而决定;对于“供犯罪所用”的判断,应当以限制国家权力为衡量标准,综合考虑该物与犯罪的联系程度、对犯罪所加功的作用以及预防再犯功能;出于对市场交易安全的保护,应当将民法中的善意取得制度扩展至刑事领域内的特别没收制度中,但必须齐备善意取得之构成要件。第四部分,物的形态与特别没收的对象范围。放眼于宏观,“物”的品类众多、形态各异。本文从民法学中对“物”的理论分类为切入点,将之与特别没收制度相联系,试图探究民刑交叉部分特别没收对象的最终归宿。
[Abstract]:In China's Criminal Law refers to the special confiscation by the courts, and the crime are closely associated with "contraband", "the personal property used for committing the" and "all property" illegal income of compulsory measures. Especially the confiscation of the object is not the legitimate property, but crime related items because of provisions on special confiscation system and its object is very rough in our legislation, mainly reflected in the penal code of sixty-fourth, which led to the understanding and comprehension are different, there are many theoretical controversies and difficulties in practice, is not conducive to the effective implementation of law, more is not conducive to the protection of human rights to violate the criminal law and the relevant rights. Therefore, this paper starting from the substantive law and the perspective of comparative law, reasonable extraterritorial legislation, the nature of the concept of special confiscation system, legislative purpose and object The scope of research deeply, to improve the legislation and judicial suggestions. This thesis consists of introduction, body parts. The introduction, introduced this topic, research review, research methods, theoretical and practical significance. The text is the main content of this paper, divided into the following four parts: the first part, the special confiscation system overview. The nature of this part of the special confiscation concept, historical development and justification are defined, elaboration and discussion. This paper argues that the special confiscation and forfeiture, confiscation of administrative and civil forfeiture is fundamentally different, which belongs to the security measures. The legitimacy of special confiscation is based on the social security and the protection of human rights. The second part, especially the confiscation of object theory controversy and practice. This part introduces the theoretical circles for the specific scope of special confiscation three objects of dispute confrontation, such as the third all the contraband Whether it should be confiscated, "criterion" for a crime, whether the bona fide third party can obtain the ownership of stolen goods and so on; on the other hand refers to real case describes the practice for the status quo for special confiscation system suitable for recovery rate is low; error caused by the object, the confiscation of state compensation litigation; similar cases in the same the object to be not special confiscation differences, and tried to analyze the cause of these problems. The third part, the special confiscation of object discrimination and definition. This part is the focus of this paper, mainly studies the special confiscation of "contraband", "the specific rules of the personal property used for committing the illegal" and "all property" the. Based on the detailed interpretation of legislation in each class object word by word, in order to provide a feasible way to resolve disputes and difficulties. This paper argues that when the contraband is third people All the time, and the decision shall be considered third people have no illegal and crime subjective psychological attitude; for the use of criminal judgment should be based on the restriction of state power as the standard, considering the degree of contact with crime, and work on the crime and the role of the relapse prevention function for the protection; the security of the market transaction, should be the system of civil law extended to the criminal in the field of special confiscation system, but must complete the goodwill of elements. The fourth part, the form and scope of special confiscation. Put eyes on the macro, the "object" category many, this theory shapes. The classification of "material" from the civil law as a starting point, will relate with the special confiscation system, trying to explore the final destination for cross section of civil and criminal special confiscation of objects.

【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D924

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