集资诈骗罪中被害人过错与刑罚适用研究

发布时间：2018-01-31 00:05

本文关键词： 集资诈骗被害人过错刑罚适用　出处：《西南政法大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在我国经济制度由计划经济转变为市场经济的过渡时期,金融体系开始发展,金融市场随之开放,经济犯罪案件数量的攀升已然成为社会热点问题之一。尤其是金融诈骗案件,涉及金额巨大、影响范围极广的犯罪行为更是在金融危机后层出不穷。诚然,“无被害则无犯罪”,被害人作为在刑事法律关系中与犯罪人相对应的角色关系,在近年来也得到越来越多的关注。在集资诈骗领域中,被害人为追逐高利铤而走险,最终因非法集资者的落马而两手空空。但社会在评判集资诈骗行为时更多的是将矛头指向非法集资者,认为所有责任都应当由集资者承担,而被害人无视法律规定盲目追逐高利甚至主动借款的过错行为却没有得到人们的重视,这无疑是对非法集资者责任的不公正评判。截至目前,对于集资诈骗罪中被害人问题的研究屈指可数,且仅限于对被害人及其过错进行基础定义以及为何适用被害人过错的理论基础阐释,对于在实践中被害人过错如何影响加害人刑事责任的承担等在实务层面有指导意义的研究几乎无人涉及。故笔者借此契机,通过搜集、分析大量案件材料,结合基础理论,分三部分对集资诈骗领域中被害人过错的相关问题进行梳理,最终确立对集资诈骗犯罪人刑罚适用的影响机制。第一部分:集资诈骗罪中被害人过错的界定。笔者将刑法中的被害人从犯罪学意义上区分开来,并从被害人与犯罪人的互动关系以及法益保护的角度说明刑法学领域研究的被害人应定义为“犯罪行为所直接侵犯的具体法益的保有人”,既包括自然人,也包括法人等组织和国家。再者,笔者将集资诈骗罪中的被害人分为自然人和国家两个层次,自然人被害人过错集中表现为无视法律盲目贪利的行为,国家被害人过错则表现为经济制度的不完善以及法律的倾斜性保护。第二部分:被害人过错对集资诈骗罪刑罚适用的影响现状分析。在本部分中,笔者将所搜集的案例提取有效因素进行数据统计,通过图表分析得出在集资诈骗领域中,被害人过错这一量刑情节在取证、审判等阶段极易被忽视,还面临着许多法律和社会因素的困境,导致适用效果不佳的结果。第三部分:被害人过错对集资诈骗罪刑罚适用影响的具体建议。在司法实践中如何认定及适用被害人过错是解决问题的关键。该部分首先确立了被害人过错影响刑罚适用的原则——自我答责原则,然后针对在实证调查中发现的问题,并结合当前各省市关于被害人过错情节适用的规定,将被害人过错分为严重、较大、一般过错三个层次,并划分了相对应的调节量刑幅度,实现量刑规范的可操作性。
[Abstract]:In the transition period of China's economic system from planned economy to market economy, the financial system began to develop and the financial market was opened. The increase of the number of economic crime cases has become one of the hot social issues, especially the financial fraud cases, involving a huge amount of money, a wide range of criminal acts are emerging after the financial crisis. "No victimization, no crime", the victim, as the role relationship between the criminal and the criminal, has been paid more and more attention in recent years, and in the field of fund-raising fraud. Victims in order to pursue high-profit desperate, because of the fall of illegal fund raisers and empty-handed, but the society in the evaluation of fund-raising fraud is more targeted at illegal fundraiser. It is believed that all the responsibilities should be borne by the fundraiser, but the victim's blind pursuit of high profit or even the fault of actively borrowing money in disregard of the law has not been taken seriously by people. This is undoubtedly an unfair judgment on the liability of illegal fund raisers. Up to now, there are only a few studies on the victim problem in the crime of fund-raising fraud. And only limited to the victim and its fault for the basic definition and why the application of the theoretical basis of the victim fault interpretation. For the victim fault in practice how to affect the criminal liability of perpetrators and so on in the practical level of guiding research almost no one involved, so the author takes this opportunity, through the collection, analysis of a large number of cases. Combined with the basic theory, there are three parts to sort out the related problems of victim fault in the field of fund-raising fraud. The first part: the definition of the victim's fault in the crime of fund-raising fraud. The author distinguishes the victim from the criminological significance in the criminal law. From the perspective of the interaction between the victim and the criminal and the protection of legal interests, the author explains that the victim in the field of criminal law should be defined as "the holder of specific legal interests infringed directly by the criminal act", including the natural person. Also includes legal persons and other organizations and countries. Furthermore, the author divides the victims of the crime of fund-raising fraud into two levels: natural person and state. The fault of natural person victims is concentrated in disregard of the law of the act of blind greed. The fault of the national victim is manifested in the imperfect economic system and the protection of the law. The second part is the analysis of the influence of the victim fault on the application of the penalty for the crime of financing fraud. In this part. The author will collect cases to extract effective factors for statistical data, through chart analysis in the field of fund-raising fraud, the victim fault in the sentencing circumstances in the collection of evidence, trial and other stages are easy to be ignored. It also faces the dilemma of many legal and social factors. Results that result in poor application. Part III:. In the judicial practice, how to identify and apply the victim fault is the key to solve the problem. This part first established that the victim fault affects the application of the penalty. Principle-principle of self-accountability. Then in view of the problems found in the empirical investigation and combined with the current provincial and municipal provisions on the application of the victim fault circumstances, the victim fault can be divided into three levels: serious, larger and general fault. And the corresponding adjustment of sentencing range, to achieve the operability of sentencing norms.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D924.3

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