组织出卖人体器官罪之法律适用研究

发布时间：2018-02-15 04:19

本文关键词： 组织出卖人体器官罪构成要件司法适用　出处：《福州大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在生命科技发展给患者带来福音的同时,也滋生了新的犯罪形式,人体器官买卖行为便是其中突出的一种。许多国家为此专门出台了相关法律,我国也在《刑法修正案(八)》第37条增加了组织出卖人体器官罪,填补了器官犯罪的空白,这是刑法应对科技风险的突出表现。然而,在司法适用中,刑法学界对新增罪名及其相关法条的适用存在一些争议,如人体器官的范围、组织出卖等行为的界定,以及本罪出入罪的标准等,因此有必要对相关适用问题一一厘清。本文共分为四个部分,主要从本罪的相关争议入手,结合适用现状,来对组织出卖人体器官罪及相关问题进行阐述,正文包括以下内容：第一部分介绍了组织出卖人体器官罪的立法背景,国内出卖人体器官的犯罪现状以及国外对此类犯罪的立法研究。这一部分第一节结合了《刑法修正案(八)》的出台,对出卖人体器官行为的定罪进行简要评析。第二节则是以国外立法研究为切入点,来体现我国器官犯罪规定的不足,并为第四部分的立法借鉴奠定基础。第二部分对组织出卖人体器官罪的该当性、违法性、有责性等问题进行了论证。这一部分重点阐述了本罪的行为、犯罪主体、主观罪过形式等问题,并且笔者在明确争议的基础上,提出自己的见解,以期本罪相关法条的准确适用。第三部分论述了组织出卖人体器官罪在司法适用中的疑难问题,是本文的重点部分。这一部分先以案例的形式引出问题,来明确刑法234条第2款的适用条件、本罪与故意伤害的关系、医生责任及正当化依据等,力求在实践中解决适用问题。接着分析了摘取尸体器官的问题,包括尸体器官的同意主体、效力,及摘取行为的定性等,因为该问题涉及此罪与彼罪的适用问题,因此有必要予以明确。最后,笔者对本罪的既遂认定以及刑罚适用中的不足予以评析,以便解决适用中的难题。第四部分主要论述组织出卖人体器官罪的立法完善建议。本部分将结合我国立法现状,并借鉴国外立法来分析不足,提出完善建议：首先应将单位犯罪纳入本罪犯罪主体,为刑法的适用预留空间。其次,立法应给予精神病患者和未成年人同等保护,彰显刑法对弱势群体的特殊保护。最后,本文对量刑标准予以完善,缩小了法官自由裁量权的限度。
[Abstract]:While the development of life technology brings good news to patients, it also breeds new forms of crime, one of which is the sale of human organs. For this reason, many countries have specially enacted relevant laws. Article 37 of the Criminal Law Amendment (8) increases the crime of tissue selling human organs and fills in the blank of organ crime, which is the outstanding performance of criminal law in dealing with the scientific and technological risks. However, in the judicial application, There are some controversies in the criminal law circles about the application of the new charges and the relevant articles of law, such as the scope of human organs, the definition of the behavior of organization and sale, and the standard of the crime of entering and going in and out of this crime, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the relevant issues of application. This paper is divided into four parts, mainly from the relevant disputes of this crime, combined with the current situation of application, to explain the crime of tissue selling human organs and related issues. The text includes the following contents: the first part introduces the legislative background of the crime of tissue selling human organs. The present situation of the crime of selling human organs in China and the legislative research on such crimes abroad. The first section of this part combines the introduction of the Criminal Law Amendment (8). The second section is to take foreign legislative research as the starting point to reflect the insufficiency of the regulations on organ crime in our country. And lay the foundation for the 4th part of the legislation. The second part of the organization of the sale of human organs crime of the appropriate, illegal, responsible and other issues are demonstrated. This part of the focus on this crime, the main body of the crime, On the basis of clear controversy, the author puts forward his own opinions in order to accurately apply the relevant articles of the crime. The third part discusses the difficult problems in the judicial application of the crime of tissue selling human organs. This part is the key part of this article. This part first leads to the problem in the form of case, to clarify the applicable conditions of Article 234, paragraph 2 of the Criminal Law, the relationship between this crime and intentional injury, the responsibility of doctors and the basis of justification, etc. The author tries to solve the problem of application in practice, and then analyzes the question of the removal of cadaveric organs, including the subject of consent, the effect of the organ, and the characterization of the act of removal, because the problem involves the application of the crime and the crime. Therefore, it is necessary to make it clear. Finally, the author comments on the conviction of the crime and the deficiency in the application of the penalty. In order to solve the problems in application. Part 4th mainly discusses the legislative proposals for the crime of tissue selling human organs. This part will combine with the current situation of legislation in our country, and draw lessons from foreign legislation to analyze the deficiencies. Some suggestions are put forward: firstly, the unit crime should be included in the subject of the crime, so as to reserve space for the application of the criminal law. Secondly, the legislation should give equal protection to the mentally ill and the minor, so as to highlight the special protection of the vulnerable groups in the criminal law. This article consummates the sentencing standard and reduces the limit of the judge's discretion.
【学位授予单位】：福州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.3

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