竞技体育伤害行为的刑法规制问题研究

发布时间：2018-02-23 19:02

本文关键词： 竞技体育刑法介入规避范围规制理由规制途径　出处：《河北师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着社会主义法治建设的不断发展和人们法律意识的逐步加强，依法治体成为体育管理法治化的重要方略，同时，竞技体育运动的广泛开展为法律介入体育领域提供了可持续的调控空间。近年来，随着中国国际地位的提升和文化交流的需要增多，我国举办国际竞技体育比赛的活动越来越多；为了增强人民体质，满足人民群众日益增长的健康、快乐的精神生活需求，国内各项竞技体育赛事也频繁举办。竞技体育的竞技性、对抗性决定了体育伤害事件的出现是不可避免的，但是，有些运动团体和运动员为了追求比赛可能带来的物质和精神利益，严重违反比赛规则、造成了为法律所禁止的不必要的伤害。对于这些现象，法学工作者不能视若罔闻，应当加强研究，并最终提出合理的、可操作的解决方案，为今后立法司法工作打好基础。对于竞技体育行为，我们首先需要进行准确的定义和分类，明确刑法介入的范围，在合理的范围内进行规制，不能简单的一概而论。竞技体育伤害中部分行为具有正当性，，不应对其采取刑事法律的规制。但是这类行为的正当性理论体系还没有完善，在国内外刑法学界还有很多待解决的理论争议，本文在总结和分析国内外的竞技体育伤害行为正当性理论的基础上，提出了三位一体的理论构想。从国家、社会和个人三个层面来充分证明部分竞技体育伤害行为的正当性，排除其违法性，进而得出规制范围和方法。同时，关注到另一部分的竞技体育伤害行为，具有违法性，造成了严重危害结果，对国家和体育的健康发展有消极的影响，应当被刑法所规制。这部分行为应当做明确规范，范围不宜过大。规范范围的标准应当兼顾体育学和刑法学两个方面。对一定范围竞技体育伤害行为的规制有利于体育事业的健康发展，有利于体育竞技秩序的建立和维护，有利于综合国力和人民体质的增强。本文运用文献分析、比较研究、逻辑推理等基本学术研究方法对竞技体育伤害的刑法调整原则和调整范围进行了界定。对轻微违反体育道德和体育规则的竞技体育伤害行为的正当性进行了分析，提出了刑法对不具备可罚性的竞技体育伤害行为应当采取规避态度的观点。同时，对严重竞技体育伤害行为应当加以刑法规制的理论依据进行了阐述，认为对于严重违反体育规则、基于故意或重大过失造成的不应出现的严重伤害事件应当加以刑法介入。对竞技体育伤害案件进行刑法规制应采取适当又切实可行的方法。在立法方面，可以增加相关罪名或在杀人罪、伤害罪中增加相应条款，考虑到竞技体育犯罪的特殊性和轻于普通犯罪的社会危害性，应采取较轻刑罚；在法律尚未修改，法无明文规定的情况下，可以以故意杀人、伤害罪或过失致人死亡、过失致人伤害罪定性，将赛场和赛时作为酌情量刑情节考量，判处行为人较轻刑罚。刑法是否介入竞技体育伤害行为问题在学术界和实务界都存在争议。原因在于：严重违规并具备可罚性的案件出现的概率偏低，国内外缺乏立法先例，多采取体育组织依照行业处罚规则处理的既有方式。鉴于此，刑法介入竞技体育领域应采取谨慎、适度的态度。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of the construction of socialist rule of law and the legal consciousness of people gradually strengthen, according to law has become an important strategy of sports management by law at the same time, the competitive sports to carry out a wide range of legal intervention in sports area provides space for sustainable regulation. In recent years, with the China promotion of international status and cultural exchanges increased, more activities are held in China International Sports Competition; in order to enhance the people's physique, meet the people's growing health, happiness needs spiritual life, the domestic sports events are frequently held. Competitive sports, against the decision sports injuries is inevitable, but some sports group in order to pursue the game and athletes may bring the moral and material interests, a serious violation of the rules of the game, which is prohibited by law. Unnecessary harm. For these phenomena, law workers cannot be considered nothing, should strengthen the research and put forward the reasonable and feasible solutions, to lay a good foundation for legislative and judicial work in the future.
For competitive sports behavior, we first need to define and classify the accurate, clear criminal law, regulation in a reasonable range, not easy to generalize. Part of the behavior of competitive sports injury has legitimacy, it should not take the regulation of criminal law. But the system justification of this kind of behavior is not perfect in the criminal law field, there are many unsolved theoretical disputes, based on the summary and analysis of the basic theory of legitimacy of competitive sports injury behavior home and abroad, put forward the theoretical system of three-in-one. From the state, legitimacy proved sports injury behavior part three levels of social and individual, exclude the illegal, then obtains the scope of regulation and method.
At the same time, pay attention to the injury behavior of the other part of the competitive sports, is illegal, causing serious harm results, have a negative impact on the healthy development of the country and sports, should be regulated by the criminal law. This behavior should be clear and standardized, the range should not be too large. We should regulate the scope of both sports and standard the criminal law in two aspects. The regulation of sports injury in a certain range is conducive to the healthy development of sports undertakings, establish and maintain a favorable sports order, is conducive to enhancing the overall national strength and people's health.
This article uses the literature analysis, comparative research methods, the basic academic research on the logic of competitive sports injury of the criminal law principle and adjust the scope was defined. The validity of the damage behavior of minor breaches of sports ethics and rules of competitive sports are analyzed, the criminal law does not have the injury behavior of the punishment of competitive sports should take evasive view. At the same time, the theoretical basis of serious sports injury behavior should be regulated by the criminal law are described, for serious violations of sports rules, serious injuries caused by intentional or gross negligence should not appear should be based on criminal law. On the sports injury cases of criminal law should adopt the method appropriate and feasible. In the aspect of legislation, can increase the relevant charges or in homicide, assault in terms of the corresponding increase, consider To the special social harmfulness of sports crime and light to ordinary crime, should take a lighter punishment; in the law has not been modified, without a law case, with intentional homicide, injury or death caused by negligence, negligence causing injury crime will be qualitative, competition and game as a discretionary sentencing if the circumstances are considered, the behavior of people sentenced to lighter punishment.
Whether the criminal law involved in competitive sports injury behavior problems in the academic circles and practical circles are controversial. The reason lies in: serious violations and have low probability of punishment cases at home and abroad, the lack of legislative precedent, take sports organizations in accordance with the punishment rules both. In view of this, the criminal involved in sports field should be take a cautious, modest attitude.

【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.1

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