犯罪预备研究

发布时间：2018-02-25 16:22

本文关键词： 犯罪预备立法不足化解思路　出处：《吉首大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：对于犯罪预备行为的研究，每个国家根据本国国情及传统文化、法律价值来制定完善的犯罪理论，犯罪预备是故意犯罪过程的一种，从古至今均有学者在不断的研究与探讨。我国《刑法》第22条规定：“为了犯罪，准备工具、制造条件的，是犯罪预备。”“对于预备犯，可以比照既遂犯从轻、减轻处罚或者免除处罚。”我国采用的立法模式是借鉴了前苏联及东欧一些国家的模式，该种立法模式以犯罪预备的概念和预备犯的处罚原则为内容，纵观我国的犯罪预备概念，在刑法学界，一直没有一个通说，总则概括式的模式不仅仅是立法上的缺陷也给司法实践中带来很多麻烦，比如司法资源的浪费等问题。研究我国犯罪预备立法存在的问题，探讨其出现问题的原因，查看国外有关犯罪预备的立法规定，结合我国国情及实际情况，提出化解思路及建议。对于我国刑事上不作区分，原则上处罚犯罪预备行为的立法规定已经不适应司法实践中出现的各种复杂情形。我国立法如何规定犯罪预备行为，不仅仅是制度设计问题，更是在社会法治大环境下对法律价值的认识问题，针对我国犯罪预备出现的问题，本文中提出两点化解思路及建议，在分析出现问题及原因的基础上，提出化解问题的两点对策:在充分借鉴国外关于对预备行为立法规定，结合我国国情及我国的立法原则，，对犯罪预备行为重新建构，在司法改革的情况下，针对犯罪预备立法存在的问题，找出存在问题的原因，比如立法经验的不足，立法观念有偏差、理论研究相对薄弱、立法技术不成熟、传统法律文化和立法价值的影响。本文主要谈到立法规定中的问题，如我国刑法犯罪预备立法规定与罪刑法定原则相违背、与刑法轻缓化相左且与犯罪中止和未遂形态划分的标准不统一、易造成司法机关滥用刑罚权、使刑事司法机关陷入两难境地。本文建议以两点思路修正预备立法：完善预备形态立法或废除预备形态。完善法，宜将犯罪未完成形态划分为预备形态与实行形态，将中止或未遂情形纳入预备形态和实行形态。并推行“两个延续”和“三个补充”。取消犯罪预备形态，应将预备行为植入中止形态或未遂形态中，提高预备或准备阶段危害行为的入罪和刑罚处罚门坎。并针对现有的问题之处，比较两种思路的异同，建议采用两种思路中更好的一种思路。
[Abstract]:For the study of crime preparation, each country formulates a perfect crime theory according to its national conditions, traditional culture and legal value. Crime preparation is a kind of intentional crime process. Article 22 of the Criminal Law of our country stipulates that "for the purpose of committing a crime, preparing tools and creating conditions, the preparation for a crime is preparation for a crime." Mitigation of punishment or exemption of punishment. "the legislative model adopted in our country is based on the model of the former Soviet Union and some countries in Eastern Europe. The legislative model takes the concept of crime preparation and the principle of punishment of the preparatory offender as the content, and makes a general survey of the concept of crime preparation in our country. In the field of criminal law, there has been no general theory that the general principle is not only flawed in legislation, but also brings a lot of problems in judicial practice, such as the waste of judicial resources. This paper discusses the causes of the problems, looks at the legislative provisions on crime preparation in foreign countries, combines the national conditions and actual conditions of our country, and puts forward some ideas and suggestions on how to resolve the problems. It does not distinguish between the two countries in criminal matters. In principle, the legislative provisions that penalize the crime preparation act have not adapted to various complicated situations in the judicial practice. How to stipulate the crime preparation act in our country's legislation is not only a matter of system design. In view of the problems in the preparation for crime in our country, this paper puts forward two ideas and suggestions to resolve the problems, and on the basis of analyzing the problems and causes, Two countermeasures to solve the problem are put forward: under the circumstance of judicial reform, the author puts forward two countermeasures to solve the problem: drawing lessons from the foreign legislative provisions on preparatory acts, combining with the national conditions of our country and the legislative principles of our country, reconstructing the criminal preparatory acts, and reforming the judicature. In view of the problems existing in the preparation of crime legislation, we should find out the reasons for the problems, such as the lack of legislative experience, the deviation of legislative concepts, the relatively weak theoretical research, the immature legislative techniques, The influence of the traditional legal culture and the legislative value. This paper mainly discusses the problems in the legislative provisions, such as the violation of the principle of the legality of the crime in the criminal law of our country. Different from the criminal law and the standard of criminal suspension and attempted form, it is easy for the judiciary to abuse the right of punishment. This paper suggests that the preparatory legislation should be amended in two ways: to perfect the legislation of preparatory form or to abolish the preparatory form, and to perfect the law, which should be divided into the form of preparation and the form of practice. The suspension or attempt shall be incorporated into the form of preparation and practice... and "two continuations" and "three complements" shall be carried out... the cancellation of the form of preparation for the commission of a crime shall include the preparation of the act in the form of suspension or attempt, In view of the existing problems, comparing the similarities and differences between the two ideas, it is suggested to adopt a better way of thinking.
【学位授予单位】：吉首大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.1

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