聚众斗殴罪司法认定中三大难题研究

发布时间：2018-03-02 18:56

本文选题：聚众　切入点：斗殴　出处：《西南政法大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：聚众斗殴罪（本文以下简称“本罪”，但是目录和引言除外）是指行为人组织、策划、领导、指挥多人斗殴或者积极参加此类斗殴，严重破坏社会公共秩序的行为。无论是在刑法理论还是司法实践，本罪的基本犯罪构成、加重情节以及转化犯罪方面均存在诸多争议。因此，这三大方面有很多问题还需要深入探讨。本文采取理论联系实际、演绎推理、比较分析等方法，对本罪的基本构成、加重情形以及转化犯三个方面的难点问题进行研究。除了引言，本文分为四部分，约三万三千字，主要内容如下：第一部分是关于本罪基本犯罪构成中客观行为的认定。本罪基本犯罪构成中最难认定的是其客观行为，具体包括“聚众”的理解、“斗殴”的认定以及本罪的行为构造三方面的内容。本文认为，“聚众”是一种客观情势，具体指的是行为人一方纠集三人以上（包括本数）或行为人一方自发聚集规模达到三人以上（包括本数）而形成的一种事实状态。其中，“众”的计算应该以单方人数为标准而不应以双方或多方人数之和为标准，未到达斗殴现场的人也可以被计算在“众”的范围之内，纠集者本人应当包括在“众”的范围之内，“聚众”并不要求双方均符合聚众的要求，只要一方符合“聚众”的要求该方就可以构成本罪；“斗殴”并不要求双方的行为均是非法行为，在一方行为合法的情况下，实施非法行为的一方仍可构成本罪；斗殴的地点不应有所限制，即便是发生在比较隐蔽场合的斗殴行为，只要其他条件符合（具有实质危害），也可能构成本罪；聚众斗殴是一行为，“聚众”在本罪的行为构造中应理解为一种客观情势。第二部分是关于本罪加重情节认定中的疑难问题。本罪的加重情形共包括4种，具体包括“多次聚众斗殴的”、“聚众斗殴人数多，规模大，社会影响恶劣的”、“在公共场所或者交通要道聚众斗殴，造成社会秩序严重混乱的”、“持械聚众斗殴的”。这四种加重情形中，本文只选取其中较为疑难的“多次聚众斗殴”和“持械聚众斗殴”两种加重情形加以研究。本文认为，本罪的加重情节从属于基本犯罪构成；“多次聚众斗殴”中的“多次”应理解为三次及以上，每次都要独立构成聚众斗殴罪，，“多次”的认定应结合追诉时效的标准进行计算；“持械聚众斗殴”中的“械”的范围及持械聚众斗殴责任人范围的认定都应采取主客观相统一的标准来进行认定。第三部分是关于聚众斗殴致人重伤、死亡的认定研究。此部分主要讨论转化条款性质的认定、本罪转化犯的成立条件以及本罪转化犯中责任的分配和转化犯的自首问题。本文认为，聚众斗殴罪中的转化条款应该理解为一种注意性规定，而非法律拟制，行为人的行为只有符合下列条件时方可转化定罪：有行为人的行为已经构成聚众斗殴罪的前提下，该行为人在聚众斗殴的过程中出于故意伤害或故意杀人的故意实施了伤害或杀害行为，且该行为造成了他人重伤或死亡的结果；若行为人系一般参加者而未构成聚众斗殴罪，在聚众斗殴过程中致人重伤或死亡的，不适用转化条款，直接按相应的犯罪处理即可。其中“致人重伤或死亡”中的“人”既可以包括对方人员也可以是本方人员和其他无辜者；转化犯中责任的划分要结合主客观相统一的理念进行认定，只有客观上造成了他人重伤或死亡的结果，并且主观上对此种结果的发生具有犯罪故意的人方可承担转化责任；转化后的犯罪与本罪相比其行为性质已经发生了变化，属不同种罪行，行为人供述转化后的罪行可以成立特殊自首。第四部分为结语。本文认为，在本罪司法认定的过程中，应当严格遵循刑法基本原则，并结合共同犯罪的相关理论，对本罪在司法认定中的存在的难题进行正确地分析和解决。另外，对于本文尚未涉及到的有关本罪其他方面的问题，笔者日后有机会将对其继续加以研究和探索。
[Abstract]:The crime of affray (hereinafter referred to as the "crime", but the introduction and directory except) refers to the act of planning, organization, leadership, fighting command people or actively participate in the fight, seriously undermining public order behavior. Whether in the criminal law theory and judicial practice, the basic form of the crime, aggravated and there are many disputes in the transformed crime. Therefore, there are many problems still need to discuss these three aspects. This paper adopts the theory with practice, deductive reasoning, comparative analysis and other methods, the basic form of this crime, aggravated the situation and problems of transforming crime from three aspects of the study.
In addition to the introduction, this article is divided into four parts, about thirty-three thousand words, the main contents are as follows:
The first part is the identification of the objective behavior in the crime. This crime constitutes the crime of basic basic crime is the most difficult to identify the objective behavior, including the "mob", "fight" as well as the structural behavior of three aspects. This paper argues that the "mob" is a kind of objective situation, specific refers to the behavior of one party gathered more than three people (including the number) or a spontaneous aggregation behavior of people reached more than three people (including the number) a state of fact formed. Among them, "the" calculation should unilaterally by people as the standard and should not take two or more people and as a standard, not to fight the man on the spot can be calculated within the "range, I gathered should be included in the" public "," mob "does not accord with the requirements of the requirements of both sides, as long as the party meets" The "the party can constitute a crime;" fights "does not require the conduct of the parties is illegal, in a legal case, the illegal behavior of a party can constitute the crime of affray; location should not be limited, even in relatively hidden occasions agonistic behaviors as long as the other conditions are met (with substantial harm), may also constitute the crime of affray; is a behavior," mob "should be understood as a kind of objective situation in the behavior structure of this crime.
The second part is about the problems identified in the plot aggravated. The aggravation situation includes 4 kinds, including "repeated affray", "affray number, large scale, bad social influence", "in public places or traffic mob fights, causing serious public disorder", "armed affray." the four aggravating circumstances, this thesis onlyselects difficult affraying frequently and "armed affray" two aggravating circumstances to study. This paper argues that the aggravating circumstances belong to the basic constitution of crime; affraying frequently in "multiple" to understand and more than three times, each time independent constitute the crime of affray, identification of "many times" should be calculated with the limitation of prosecution standards; "armed affray" in the "mechanical" scope and Identification of armed affray responsibility range should take the unity of subjective and objective criteria to be recognized.
The third part is about the crime of affray causing serious injury, death of identified. This part mainly discusses the recognition of the transformed nature of the conditions of establishment of the clause, and the transforming crime of transforming crime in the allocation of responsibility and surrender of transforming crime. This paper argues that, in terms of affray crime should be understood as a note of the provisions instead, the legal fiction, the act only when the following conditions are met: the premise is can be transformed into a conviction behavior of human behavior has constituted the crime of affray, the behavior of people in the affray in intentional injury or intentional homicide intentionally hurt or killed, and the resulting behavior another serious injury or death results; if the perpetrator generally participants did not constitute the crime of affray, in the crime of affray causing serious injury or death, do not apply directly on the conversion terms The criminal treatment can be accordingly. The "causing serious injury or death" of "person" can include other personnel can also be the party personnel and other innocent persons; division of responsibility for transforming crime cognizance of the combination of subjective and objective unity concept, only objectively caused him serious injury or death results on this, and subjective results with intentional crime person shall undertake the transformation responsibility; transformed crime and crime compared to the nature of their behavior has changed, is not the same type of crime, behavior crime can be transformed into a confession made special surrender.
The fourth part is the conclusion. This paper argues that in the process of judicial confirmation, shall strictly follow the basic principles of criminal law, and combined with the theory of common crime, the correct analysis and solution of the crime in the judicial determination of the existence of the problem. In addition, the other problems related to this paper is not related to the author. The days after the opportunity to continue to study and explore.

【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.3

【参考文献】