微博言论的法律保护与规制

发布时间：2018-03-13 09:52

本文选题：微博言论　切入点：法律保护　出处：《山东大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：微博的出现打破了传统传媒的垄断与局限,使言论表达从集中化向分散化、个人化发展。作为新兴网络交流平台,微博已由单一的社交平台发展为涵盖公民生活各方面的综合性服务平台。微博的信息传播方式具有即时性、裂变性等特点,以其为平台的言论具有自由性、简明性、多样性、个性化等特点。微博的出现迎合了公民个人意识的觉醒和现代生活的需要,为新型网络公共领域的构建提供了技术支持。公民通过微博以言论表达方式参与政治及其他社会问题讨论、表达个人利益诉求和情感观念。为保障公民微博言论自由以促进我国民主宪政建设进程并建立起新型网络公共领域,微博言论的法律保护与规制体制建设势在必行。微博言论的法律保护与规制体现在我国法律体系的各个方面：宪法以根本大法形式对言论自由进行了确立和保障；刑法、民法通则、侵权责任法和治安管理处罚法等普通法律对微博侵权行为给予了规定；以行政法规和部门规章为主的信息网络法律体系针对网络言论特点为微博言论的保护和规制提供了依据；“两高”新出台的《关于办理利用信息网络实施诽谤等刑事案件适用法律若干问题的解释》对打击微博谣言、规范微博反腐做出了详尽规定。然而对于微博这一新兴网络媒介,我国的法律保护与规制体制总体仍存在较多立法空白并且严重缺乏系统性。本文通过对三个典型微博言论案例的分析,阐明了我国微博言论保护与规制过程中存在的诸多问题,包括法律规制的缺位、政府信息公开不足导致的信任危机、“网络推手”的危害、微博服务商缺乏管理与责任意识、网民自身素质欠缺和“网络暴力”依托微博平台的扩展等,为微博言论的法律保护和规制提供了依据和方向。通过对我国立法现状和具体案例的综合分析,可知我国微博言论的法律保护与规制主要存在立法缺位、政府规制不足以及微博和网民的自身缺陷三大问题。为解决上述问题,我国应从完善立法体系和建立新型规制体系两方面入手：首先依托本国宪法和国外先进经验,确立合理的立法原则并在此基础上逐步完善单独立法,建立起完整的保护与规制法律体系。其次,针对互联网和微博特性通过对政府、服务商和新闻媒体三者的综合规制,建立全面的新型规制体系,充分保障微博言论的自由性、平等性和有序性。通过对微博言论法律保护和规制体系的不断完善,我国将克服诸多现实弊端,将微博言论引导到促进社会和谐和民主建设的道路上来。
[Abstract]:The emergence of Weibo broke the monopoly and limitation of the traditional media, and made the expression of speech develop from centralization to decentralization and individualization. Weibo has developed from a single social platform to a comprehensive service platform covering all aspects of civil life. Weibo's information dissemination mode has the characteristics of immediacy and fission, and the speech based on it is free, concise, and diverse. The emergence of Weibo caters to the awakening of individual consciousness and the needs of modern life and provides technical support for the construction of new network public domain. Citizens, through Weibo, participate in discussions on political and other social issues by means of speech and expression. To protect the freedom of speech of citizen Weibo, to promote the process of democratic constitutional construction in China and to establish a new network public domain, The legal protection and regulation system of Weibo's speech is imperative. The legal protection and regulation of Weibo's speech is embodied in all aspects of our country's legal system: the constitution establishes and guarantees the freedom of speech in the form of fundamental law, the criminal law, General principles of Civil Law, Tort liability Law and Public Security Administration punishment Law and other common laws to provide provisions for Weibo tort; The information network legal system, which is based on administrative regulations and departmental regulations, provides the basis for Weibo's speech protection and regulation in the light of the characteristics of online speech. Interpretation of certain issues concerning the application of law in cases of affairs "on combating rumors of Weibo," Standard Weibo anti-corruption made detailed provisions. However, for Weibo, a new network medium, there are still many legislative gaps in the legal protection and regulation system in China, and there is a serious lack of systematization. This paper expounds many problems existing in the process of Weibo's speech protection and regulation, including the absence of legal regulation, the trust crisis caused by insufficient disclosure of government information, the harm of "network push hand", and the lack of management and responsibility consciousness of Weibo service providers. The lack of Internet users' own quality and the expansion of Weibo's platform provide the basis and direction for the legal protection and regulation of Weibo's speech. Through the comprehensive analysis of the current legislation situation and concrete cases of our country, we can see that there are three major problems in the legal protection and regulation of Weibo's speech in China, namely, the absence of legislation, the insufficiency of government regulation, and the defects of Weibo and Internet users themselves. Our country should start with perfecting the legislative system and establishing the new regulation system. Firstly, relying on the constitution of our country and the advanced experience of foreign countries, we should establish reasonable legislative principles and gradually perfect the individual legislation on this basis. Secondly, according to the characteristics of the Internet and Weibo, through the comprehensive regulation of the government, service providers and the news media, a comprehensive new regulatory system is established to fully protect the freedom of Weibo's speech. Equality and order. Through the continuous improvement of Weibo's legal protection and regulation system, China will overcome many practical drawbacks and guide Weibo's speech to the road of promoting social harmony and democratic construction.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D923;D924.34

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