故意传播艾滋病病毒行为的刑法规制

发布时间：2018-03-14 13:49

本文选题：艾滋病病毒　切入点：故意　出处：《西南政法大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：艾滋病（AIDS），是人体因为感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）后引起免疫缺陷，如果不采取抗病毒治疗措施会出现多种综合征并最终死亡的传染性疾病。因其流行性极高，蔓延了全世界各个国家和地区，并且危害公民的身体健康及生命安全、家庭和谐、社会公共安全及管理秩序，也影响一国的经济发展，甚至可能导致社会的不稳定，已经从公共卫生问题演变为社会问题，因此在国际上一些国家和地区将其规定为犯罪并处以刑罚以遏制艾滋病的迅速流行，如俄罗斯、美国的佐治亚州、加利福尼亚州、爱荷华州、英国、我国台湾地区、日本、澳大利亚、瑞士、奥地利等都采取了相应的应对措施。而在我国，针对采取何种法律措施来规制故意传播艾滋病病毒行为这一问题，，目前刑法仍处于空白状态，对于艾滋病的蔓延缺乏有效的社会控制手段，不仅不利于我国公民的身体健康，而且也不利于具有中国特色的社会主义法律体系及社会主义和谐社会的构建。因此，鉴于艾滋病所具有的严重的社会危害性，我认为应当将故意传播艾滋病病毒行为列为刑法的调整对象，作为犯罪行为进行定罪量刑。在结构上本文分为五个部分：第一部分，艾滋病及其现状概述。一方面针对一些医学上的名词，如艾滋病、艾滋病病毒、艾滋病病毒携带者、艾滋病病人进行简要的介绍，另一方面介绍了艾滋病病毒在中国境内及世界范围内的流行现状及其传播途径。这部分是整篇论文的基础。第二部分，刑法规制故意传播艾滋病病毒行为的必要性分析。这个部分主要讨论了故意传播艾滋病病毒行为的社会危害性，作为该行为入罪的依据。笔者认为其符合犯罪的概念，侵犯了刑法所保护的社会关系，应当受到刑罚的制裁。另外国外诸多国家的立法范例和司法实践也为我国刑法规制故意传播艾滋病病毒行为提供了借鉴和经验。第三部分，刑法学界对故意传播艾滋病病毒行为定性的争议。针对故意传播艾滋病病毒行为是否入罪这一问题学界也有很多争议，大致有非独立成罪模式、独立成罪模式和定性为无罪这几种主张，笔者针对每一种模式分析其产生的依据，及其存在的合理性。第四部分，规制故意传播艾滋病病毒行为的司法困境。承接第三部分，本部分从犯罪构成要件、既遂未遂、量刑的适当性、因果关系、传播途径、经济与效率等方面着重分析了上述三种模式的弊端。此部分也是本文的重点。第五部分，故意传播艾滋病病毒行为的刑法规制方式探究。本部分通过分析司法解释的合理性和可行性，最终建议针对不同的传播途径，或者定性为犯罪，适用不同的罪名，处以不同的刑罚，或者定性为无罪。并最终拟出司法解释——《最高人民法院关于审理故意传播艾滋病病毒行为具体应用法律若干问题的解释》的具体内容，以规制故意传播艾滋病病毒的行为。
[Abstract]:HIV / AIDS AIDSN is an infectious disease in which the human body is infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and causes immune deficiency. If antiviral treatment is not taken, many kinds of syndrome will appear and eventually die. Because of its extremely high epidemic, It has spread to all countries and regions of the world and has jeopardized the health and safety of its citizens, family harmony, social public security and management order. It has also affected the economic development of a country and may even lead to social instability. It has evolved from a public health problem to a social one, so it has been criminalized and punished in a number of countries and regions around the world to contain the rapid spread of AIDS, such as Russia, Georgia, California, the United States, Iowa, the United Kingdom, Taiwan, Japan, Australia, Switzerland, Austria and so on have all taken corresponding measures. In our country, what kind of legal measures are taken to regulate the intentional spread of HIV? At present, the criminal law is still in a blank state. The lack of effective means of social control for the spread of AIDS is not only detrimental to the health of our citizens. It is also not conducive to the construction of a socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics and a harmonious socialist society. Therefore, in view of the serious social harmfulness of AIDS, I think that the intentional spread of HIV should be included as the object of adjustment of the criminal law, as a crime of conviction and sentencing. Structurally, this paper is divided into five parts:. The first part is an overview of AIDS and its present situation. On the one hand, a brief introduction is made to some medical terms, such as AIDS, HIV, HIV carriers, and AIDS patients. On the other hand, it introduces the prevalence and transmission of HIV in China and the world, which is the basis of the whole paper. The second part is the analysis of the necessity of the criminal law to regulate the intentional transmission of HIV. This part mainly discusses the social harmfulness of intentional transmission of HIV. As the basis of the incrimination of the act, the author thinks that it accords with the concept of crime and violates the social relations protected by the criminal law. In addition, the legislative example and judicial practice of many foreign countries also provide reference and experience for our criminal law to regulate the intentional spread of HIV. In the third part, there is a dispute in criminal law on the characterization of intentional transmission of HIV. There is also a lot of controversy in academic circles on whether the intentional transmission of HIV is criminalized, and there is generally a pattern of non-independent crime. The author analyzes the basis of its emergence and the reasonableness of its existence in view of each model. Part 4th, the judicial dilemma of regulating the intentional spread of HIV. The third part, this part from the elements of crime, attempted completion, the appropriateness of sentencing, causality, transmission, The disadvantages of the above three models are analyzed in the aspects of economy and efficiency, which is also the focus of this paper. Part 5th, probe into the criminal law regulation of intentional transmission of HIV. This part, by analyzing the rationality and feasibility of judicial interpretation, finally suggests that different crimes should be applied to different channels of transmission or characterized as crimes. Impose different penalties, or be characterized as innocent. Finally, draw up the specific contents of the judicial interpretation of the interpretation of the Supreme people's Court on the specific application of the law to deliberate transmission of HIV. To regulate the deliberate spread of HIV behavior.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924

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