过失防卫过当免除处罚机制导入研究

发布时间：2018-03-19 18:13

本文选题：过失防卫过当　切入点：免除处罚机制　出处：《中国青年政治学院》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：正当防卫制度的目的是鼓励人们在法律力所不及时积极地同违法犯罪做斗争,维护自身的利益与社会的稳定。但是任何权利的行使均要有一定的界限,防卫权也是如此。由此,产生了防卫过当制度。根据对过当的部分是故意还是过失,防卫过当可以分为故意的防卫过当与过失的防卫过当,由于直接故意的防卫过当直接按照故意犯罪论处,所以,适用刑法第20条第2款规定的量刑规则的只有间接故意的防卫过当与过失的防卫过当,同时由于间接故意与过失尤其是过于自信的过失本来就难以区分,所以在实践中大量的防卫过当是按照过失的防卫过当处理的,但是经过笔者的研究,过失的防卫过当在四要件的犯罪论体系中不具有出罪的机制,同时由于第20条第2款在规定量刑规则时没有规定适用量刑规则的具体情形,法官在具体的量刑过程中没有可以参照的基准,这就造成了过失的防卫过当在犯罪论体系内部以及在犯罪论体系外部的量刑过程中没有免除处罚的机会,是一种实质上的过失犯罪的“必罚主义”。这严重违反了刑法中过失犯罪处罚的例外性原则。本文主要是对过失防卫过当在四要件的犯罪论体系中为什么不具有免除处罚机制的原因进行分析,并在此基础之上,主张引入阶层式的犯罪论体系,并且在阶层式的犯罪论体系中对几种可能实现过失防卫过当免除处罚的思路进行了研究,主张在构成要件阶层引入客观归责理论,在有责性阶层建立实质的罪责理论,从而实现过失的防卫过当在犯罪论体系中的出罪。
[Abstract]:The purpose of the legitimate defense system is to encourage people to actively fight against crimes and violations when the law is beyond their power, and to safeguard their own interests and social stability. However, there must be certain boundaries in the exercise of any right, and so is the right of defence. A system of overdefense has been created. According to whether the part of overdefense is intentional or negligent, overdefense can be divided into deliberate overdefence and negligent overdefense. As direct intentional overdefense is dealt with directly in accordance with intentional crime, therefore, Only indirect deliberate overdefense and negligent defense are applicable to the sentencing rules stipulated in paragraph 2 of Article 20 of the Criminal Law. At the same time, it is difficult to distinguish between indirect intent and negligence, especially overconfident negligence. Therefore, in practice, a large amount of excessive defense is handled according to the negligence of defense. However, through the author's research, there is no criminal mechanism in the four-element system of crime theory. At the same time, since article 20, paragraph 2, does not provide for the specific circumstances in which the sentencing rules are to be applied, the judge has no benchmarks to refer to in the specific sentencing process, This has resulted in the failure to defend against negligence within the criminological system and outside the criminological system without the opportunity to be exempted from punishment. It violates the principle of exception in criminal law for negligent crime. This article is mainly about why there is no exemption from negligence defense in the four-element criminal system of crime theory, which is a kind of "must-penalty doctrine" of negligent crime in essence, which is a serious violation of the principle of exception to the punishment of negligent crime in criminal law. Apart from the causes of the punishment mechanism, On the basis of this, the author advocates the introduction of hierarchical crime theory system, and studies several possible ways of realizing the exemption from punishment in the hierarchical crime theory system. It is advocated to introduce the objective imputation theory in the constitutive elements stratum and to establish the essential crime responsibility theory in the responsible stratum so as to realize the crime of the fault defense in the crime theory system.
【学位授予单位】：中国青年政治学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.1

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