环境犯罪构成要件行政从属性研究

发布时间：2018-03-23 08:02

本文选题：环境犯罪　切入点：犯罪构成要件行政从属性　出处：《中国青年政治学院》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：犯罪构成要件的行政从属性指的是这样一种立法现象:立法者将犯罪构成要件中的部分内容授权给行政权加以填补,只有通过行政法或行政机关的行政行为才能确定行为人是否该当构成要件。因此,环境犯罪构成要件的行政从属性既是一种立法现象,也是一种环境刑法的规范特征。它意味着环境犯罪通常以违反环境行政法上的规定或因为环境监管行政机关做出的行政行为而使得行为人该当了环境刑法规范规定的构成要件。依照“从属于不同行政行为”的标准区分,构成要件行政从属性可以分为从属于行政法、从属于抽象行政行为以及从属于具体行政行为三类。环境犯罪构成要件行政从属性的问题存在于我国《刑法》分则第六章第六节“破坏环境资源保护罪”中,即:环境犯罪构成要件的这一性质导致了立法机关将刑事立法中某些要素授权于行政法规进行补充规定的情形。以我国《刑法》第338条为例,司法解释将该罪的构成要件要素授权部门规章进行补充,第339条则属于构成要件从属于行政部门的行政许可行为。这种将填补构成要件要素授权行政机关行政行为的做法有可能违反罪刑法定原则与刑法明确性原则的要求。首先,由于环境刑法中存在这样的立法现象,司法机关在认定环境犯罪时可以通过补充环境犯罪构成要件的行政法规、行政行为之具体内容确定环境犯罪的行为样态和要素,进而区分污染环境罪与投放危险物质罪等其他相关罪名。另一层面,基于我国刑法中存在的犯罪构成要件行政从属性现象,必要的司法和立法的相关建议的目的是防止这种立法现象对刑法罪刑法定原则和刑法明确性原则的违背:一是加强刑事立法中授权行政法规的明确性,使民众可以第一时间了解行政法规的变化对刑事立法内容的影响以及可能对公民权利造成的威胁,严格限制对部门规章的授权。二是在构成要件从属于行政许可这类行政具体行为时,法院的个案司法审查除了应对行政行为进行形式审查,还应当对行政行为的合法性及合理性进行审查。
[Abstract]:The administrative subordinate attribute of the constitutive elements of a crime refers to such a legislative phenomenon: the legislator authorizes part of the elements of the crime to be filled in by the administrative power. Only through administrative law or administrative action of administrative organs can we determine whether the actor should be considered as the constituent element. Therefore, the administrative subservience of the constitutive elements of environmental crimes is a legislative phenomenon. It means that the environmental crime usually violates the regulations of the environmental administrative law or because of the administrative act of the administrative organ of environmental supervision and makes the actor should be the environmental criminal law norm. According to the criterion of "subordinate to different administrative acts", The administrative attributes of the constituent elements can be divided into subordination to administrative law, It belongs to abstract administrative act and specific administrative act. The problem of administrative subordinate attribute of environmental crime component elements exists in the sixth section of Chapter 6 of the Criminal Law of our country, "the crime of destroying environmental resources protection". That is, the nature of the constitutive elements of environmental crimes leads the legislature to authorize certain elements of criminal legislation to be supplemented by administrative laws and regulations. Take Article 338 of the Criminal Law of China as an example, Judicial interpretation adds the elements of the crime to the rules and regulations of the authorized department, Article 339, on the other hand, belongs to the administrative licensing act that the constituent elements are subordinate to the administrative department. This practice, which will fill in the elements of the constituent elements authorizing the administrative act of the administrative organ, may violate the principle of legality and the principle of clarity of the criminal law. First of all, Due to the existence of such a legislative phenomenon in the environmental criminal law, the judiciary can determine the behavior patterns and elements of the environmental crime by supplementing the administrative regulations and administrative acts that constitute the elements of the environmental crime. On the other hand, on the other hand, based on the phenomenon of administrative subservience in the criminal law of our country, the elements of constitution of crime exist in the criminal law. The purpose of the necessary judicial and legislative recommendations is to prevent such legislative phenomena from violating the principles of legality and clarity of criminal law: first, to strengthen the clarity of administrative regulations authorized in criminal legislation, To enable the public to understand, for the first time, the impact of changes in administrative regulations on the content of criminal legislation and the possible threat to the rights of citizens, Strictly restricting the delegation of authority to departmental regulations. Second, when the constituent elements are subordinate to such specific administrative acts as administrative licensing, the judicial review of individual cases by the court should, in addition to carrying out a formal examination of administrative acts, We should also examine the legality and rationality of administrative acts.
【学位授予单位】：中国青年政治学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.3

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