论废除行贿罪中的“为谋取不正当利益”

发布时间：2018-03-28 03:00

本文选题：行贿　切入点：“为谋取不正当利益”　出处：《烟台大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：刑法第389条第1款规定,行贿罪是为谋取不当利益,给予国家工作人员以财物的行为。可见,行为人是否具有谋取不正当利益的目的,是认定行贿罪的重要前提。行贿罪与受贿罪为对向犯罪,行贿者是收买职务行为,受贿罪是出卖职务行为,二者同样侵犯了国家工作人员职权的不可收买性。但在立法中,坚持行贿罪犯罪构成严格入罪,而受贿罪中只有“为他人谋取利益”的规定,该利益并无“不正当”的意思要求。仅对行贿罪做“谋取不正当利益”的要求,在一定程度上导致打击贿赂犯罪时“重受贿、轻行贿”,这与司法机关要求严肃查处行贿犯罪分子的本意不符。自行贿犯罪立法之初,法学界就一直对“谋取不正当利益”的存废与否争议不断,对“谋取不正当利益”的界定存在“非法利益说”“手段不正当说”“违背职务说”等多种学说,司法实践中对行贿犯罪“谋取不正当利益”要件界定模糊、适用混乱。虽然两高多次出台司法解释不断拓展“谋取不正当利益”的外延,但司法实践中仍存在因无法界定行贿人所谋取的利益是否正当,而导致部分行贿犯罪因无法取证或证据不足而逍遥法外。不论是从刑法理论学术角度,还是从司法打击犯罪实务角度,“谋取不正当利益”均不应成为行贿罪的构成要件,废除“为谋取不正当利益”要件不仅有利于消除行贿罪司法认定的难点,而且也不会导致行贿罪扩大化的风险,更符合国际立法惯例,更符合刑法的立法宗旨,更有利于达到有效扼止贿赂犯罪之目的。因此,建议将现行刑法第389、390、391、393条中“谋取不正当利益”改为“利用对方职务上的行为”。
[Abstract]:Article 389, paragraph 1, of the Criminal Law stipulates that the crime of bribery is the act of giving property to state functionaries for the purpose of obtaining improper interests. Bribery crime is an important premise of the crime of bribery. Bribery crime and bribery crime is the opposite crime, the bribery crime is the act of paying off duty, and the crime of accepting bribes is the act of betraying the duty. Both of them also violate the non-buying nature of the functions and powers of the state functionary. But in the legislation, Insisting that the crime of offering bribes constitutes a strict incrimination, but in the crime of accepting bribes, there is only the provision of "seeking benefits for others", which does not mean "improper", but only the requirement of "seeking improper interests" for the crime of offering bribes. To some extent, it has led to the "emphasis on bribery rather than bribery" in the fight against bribery, which is incompatible with the intention of the judicial authorities to seriously investigate and deal with the perpetrators of bribery. Since the beginning of legislation on bribery, There are many theories in the legal circle, such as "illegal benefit theory", "improper means theory", "contrary duty theory" and so on. In judicial practice, the elements of "seeking improper interests" for bribery crimes are defined vaguely, which are applicable to confusion. Although the judicial explanations of the two high levels have been issued for many times to expand the extension of "seeking improper interests", However, in judicial practice, there are still some crimes of bribery that get away with impunity because they can not get evidence or lack of evidence because they can not define whether the interests obtained by the bribe-giver are legitimate or not, whether from the angle of criminal law theory or academic point of view. From the point of view of judicial action against crime, "seeking improper interests" should not be the constituent element of bribery crime. Repealing the element of "seeking improper interests" is not only helpful to eliminate the difficulty of judicial cognizance of bribery crime, but also to eliminate the difficulty of judicial cognizance of bribery crime. Moreover, it will not lead to the risk of the expansion of the crime of bribery, more in line with international legislative practice, more in line with the legislative purpose of the criminal law, and more conducive to the purpose of effectively choking off the crime of bribery. It is suggested that article 389390391393 of the present Criminal Law should be changed from "seeking improper interests" to "taking advantage of the position of the other party".
【学位授予单位】：烟台大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D924.3

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