论违法阻却事由

发布时间：2018-03-31 04:19

本文选题：违法性　切入点：违法阻却事由　出处：《黑龙江大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：在任何国家的法律制裁体系当中,当属刑罚是最为严厉和不容置疑的。刑罚的运用将直接会导致犯罪人个人财产、自由乃至生命的剥夺。如果刑罚使用得当,不仅会打击犯罪分子的不法行为,还会起到很好的保护人民财产乃至生命的功能;反之,如果滥用刑罚手段,不仅仅会侵犯公民的人权,司法资源的无度浪费,还会影响我国法律的威信,不利于对广大人民群众法治理念和遵法守法思想的培养。因此,不管是大陆法系还是英美法系当中的犯罪构成模式,都对犯罪构成要件进行了严苛的限制和规范从而界定罪与非罪,达到有效的控制刑罚的使用范围。在以德日等国家为代表的大陆法系的犯罪理论当中,只有行为具备三个要素才可以成为犯罪成立,即:构成要件该当性、违法性、有责性三个要件的同时成立。其中违法性处于重要贯通的地位,也就是说当行为具备构成要件该当性,必须进一步评价该行为是否违法才可以有讨论是否有责的必要。然而阻却违法事由成为实质违法性的必然结果,换句话说,当一种行为具备构成要件该当性和形式违法性之后,也并不一定意味着该种行为就具备实质的违法性,为了避免对一些不具有实质违法性的行为进行无理处罚,大陆法系国家的刑法典几乎都明文规定了违法阻却事由来限制犯罪的成立范围。现以我国法律体系为例,最终认可的阻却违法事由为正当防卫、紧急避险、业务上正当行为、自救行为、得被害人承诺的行为等等。
[Abstract]:In any country's legal sanction system, the penalty is the most severe and indisputable. The application of the penalty will directly lead to the deprivation of the offender's personal property, liberty and even life. It will not only crack down on criminal lawlessness, but also play a very good role in protecting people's property and even their lives. Conversely, if criminal means are abused, they will not only infringe on citizens' human rights, but also lead to an inordinate waste of judicial resources. It will also affect the prestige of the law of our country, and will not be conducive to the cultivation of the idea of the rule of law and the observance of the law by the broad masses of the people. Therefore, whether it is in the civil law system or in the common law system, the crime constitutes mode. In order to define the crime and non-crime, to achieve the scope of effective control of the use of penalties. In the criminal theory of the continental law system, such as Germany and Japan, Only when an act has three elements can it be established as a crime, that is, the constitutive elements should be appropriate, the illegality, and the responsibility must be established at the same time, in which the illegality is in an important position. That is to say, when an act has the constitutive element of appropriateness, it is necessary to further evaluate whether the act is illegal in order to be able to discuss whether or not it is responsible. However, to prevent the cause of the violation from becoming an inevitable result of substantive illegality, in other words, When an act has the constitutive elements of due and formal illegality, it does not necessarily mean that the act has substantial illegality, in order to avoid unreasonable punishment for some acts which do not have substantial illegality. Almost all the criminal codes of the countries in the civil law system explicitly stipulate the reason for the violation of the law to limit the scope of the establishment of the crime. Now taking the legal system of our country as an example, the final approved reason for the obstruction of the law is legitimate defence, emergency avoidance of risks, and business proper conduct. The act of self-saving, the act of getting the victim's promise and so on.
【学位授予单位】：黑龙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D924.3

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