论轻罪与重罪的法定界分

发布时间：2018-04-01 05:20

本文选题：轻罪　切入点：重罪　出处：《河南大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：在劳教时代，惩治违法犯罪行为的体系是三元的，其一是治安处罚，适用对象是治安违法行为；其二是劳动教养，适用对象是《劳动教养试行办法》第10条规定的需要劳教人员；其三是刑罚处罚，适用对象是犯罪。然而，2013年12月28日，全国人大常委会通过了关于废止有关劳动教养法律法规的决定，这就意味着劳动教养正式退出了历史舞台，三元制裁体系也将简化为二元体系。因此，劳教废除后实现行政制裁和刑事制裁的无缝衔接是当前的重要任务。对轻罪与重罪进行明确的界分不失为一个有效对策，并且随着宽严相济刑事政策的不断深入发展以及劳动教养制度的废除，轻罪和重罪的划分应该得到学界的重视。当今世界很多国家都对轻罪和重罪做出明确的界分，因此，借鉴域外的先进经验，中国的刑事立法也应当对轻罪和重罪的界分做出明确的规定，这种科学的划分，既体现了立法水平的先进，又表明了尊重人权和维护公平的态度。文章内容共分为五个部分：第一部分，对轻罪与重罪法定界分这一论题的背景进行充分的分析。首先，劳动教养被废除之后，我国的三元制裁体系分崩瓦解，废除后的法律遗留问题也至关重要。学界出现了不同声音，比如对劳动教养的对象进行分流处理、保安处分论、违法行为矫治、轻罪处理等四种观点。通过对这四种观点进行阐述和比较得出轻罪与重罪在我国刑法中的确立不失为最有利的一种处理方法。其次，我国近年的宽严相济刑事政策和“严打”政策也有力地说明了轻罪与重罪的法定界分对我国的刑法制定和法治发展的重要意义。第二部分，轻罪与重罪的概述。在实践中和理论上分别对轻罪与重罪的概念加以区分，轻罪是犯罪性质和犯罪情节较轻，并且处以较轻刑罚的一类犯罪行为，重罪正好反之。与轻罪相近的轻微危害行为是排除在刑法之外的“情节显著轻微危害不大”的一类行为的统称，违反治安管理行为则是受行政制裁的一类违法行为。和二者不同的是，轻罪是在刑法规制下的一类罪行。该部分还重点阐述了轻罪与重罪的界分对于刑事立法、实体和程序以及制裁体系和刑事政策的意义，将轻罪与重罪进行明确的法定界分在我国势在必行。第三部分，域外的经验。大陆法系和英美法系许多国家都对轻罪与重罪做出界分，代表性国家有法国、德国、美国、英国。通过对四个国家的刑事实体法和刑事诉讼法关于轻罪重罪的规定进行详细的考察和分析，从而看出对我国刑事立法的积极价值。第四部分，是文章的核心，通过对轻罪和重罪的界分对象、界分标准和界分界限做出详细的论述从而得出论点。轻罪与重罪的界分应该是对罪行而非犯罪性质的界分，界分的标准应该采用形式标准而非实质标准，并以法定刑最高刑为三年以下有期徒刑作为具体的分界线。第五部分，在立法和程序上对轻罪与重罪的界分做出具体设计。立法上，应在总则中明确规定轻罪与重罪的范围，并对犯罪的未完成形态、时效等方面做出详细规定。程序上，通过提出对刑事诉讼法从强制性羁押措施、审查起诉、审判、执行的各个诉讼阶段的规划以及前科消灭制度的具体设计来完善原有程序法的限制。通过对我国刑事立法进行轻罪与重罪的界分，不仅可以根据罪行的轻重来实行严厉程度不一的刑法规制，实现法律上的实质意义公平；同时也可以使司法工作有序开展、术业专攻，节约司法资源、提高审判效率；并且对服刑人员按照轻罪和重罪分类关押，预防交叉感染，从而实现预防犯罪的目的。关于轻罪和重罪的界分还有很多问题亟待研究，这就需要在后续的学习工作中不断汲取知识，对这一论题进行补充和完善。
[Abstract]:In the age of labor and education , the system of punishing the behavior of illegal crime is three - way , one is security punishment , the applicable object is law and law illegal act ;
The second is the reeducation through labor , and the applicable object is the labor force required by Article 10 of Article 10 of the Measures for Trial Implementation of Labor reeducation through Labor ;
However , on Dec . 28 , 2013 , the Standing Committee of the National People ' s Congress passed a decision on the repeal of laws and regulations concerning labour reeducation , which means that labor education is formally withdrawn from the historical stage and that the three - way sanctions system will be simplified into a binary system .

The content of the article is divided into five parts :

Firstly , after the abolition of labor education , the three - way sanctions system of our country is broken down , and the law remains in our country is also of great importance . The author expounds and compares the four perspectives , and then gives the most favorable treatment method in the criminal law of China . Secondly , the criminal policy and the policy of " severely beating " in recent years of our country have also proved the important meaning of the legal boundary of missin and serious crime to the development of criminal law and the rule of law in our country .

The second part , the summary of the light crime and the serious crime . In practice and in theory , the concept of light crime and serious crime is distinguished , the light crime is a kind of crime of the nature of the crime and the crime , and the serious crime is the contrary . The minor harmful act which is close to the light crime is a kind of illegal act which is ruled by the administrative sanction . The part also focuses on the significance of the boundary of the light crime and the serious crime to the criminal legislation , entity and procedure , the sanction system and the criminal policy , and makes clear legal boundary of light crime and serious crime in our country .

The third part , the experience of the extraterritorial experience . Many countries of the continental law system and the Anglo - American law have made a distinction between the light crime and the serious crime , and the representative countries have France , Germany , the United States and the United Kingdom . Through the detailed investigation and analysis of the provisions of the criminal substantive law and the criminal procedure law of the four countries , the positive value of the criminal legislation in our country can be seen .

The fourth part , which is the core of the article , makes a detailed discussion on the boundary of light crime and serious crime , the demarcation criterion and the demarcation line .

In the fifth part , the author makes a detailed design on the boundary between light crime and serious crime in legislation and procedure . In legislation , the scope of light crime and serious crime should be specified in the general rule , and the unfinished form and prescription of the crime should be specified in detail . In the procedure , the limitation of the original program law is perfected through the planning of the compulsory detention measures , the review and prosecution , the trial and the execution of the criminal procedure law and the specific design of the former .

Through the distinction between the light crime and the serious crime in our country ' s criminal legislation , not only can the severity of the punishment be imposed on the basis of the seriousness of the crime , but the substantive meaning of the law is fair ;
At the same time , the judicial work can be carried out in an orderly way , the tactical professional can specialize in , save the judicial resources and improve the trial efficiency ;
The aim of crime prevention is to prevent cross - infection and thus to achieve the purpose of crime prevention . There are still a lot of problems to be studied in the field of light crime and serious crime , which needs to be continuously learned in the follow - up study and complements and perfects the topic .

【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924

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