论禁止令适用条件的确定

发布时间：2018-04-03 19:18

本文选题：禁止令　切入点：适用条件　出处：《湘潭大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：禁止令制度突破了我国刑罚的传统论域，带有体系革新的意义，成为了《刑法修正案八》的一大创新。然而，禁止令作为可以在刑罚之外由审判人员自由裁量限制犯罪分子的自由的处罚措施，可以说是一把双刃剑，如果适用得当可以成为维护社会稳定的高效工具，但如果适用不当则会侵害犯罪分子合法权益。因此，如何建构合理的禁止令适用条件，是正确适用这一制度必须应解决的问题。构建合理的禁止令适用条件有必要先解读禁止令适用条件的立法规定。目前，禁止令制度的相关法规尚属探索性的，关于禁止令适用条件的规定显得原则性有余而可操作性不强。这样的立法带来的后果是司法实践中禁止令推广的困难和适用上的混乱。构建合理的禁止令适用条件还需要借鉴已有的理论观点。目前，关于禁止令的适用条件有四种比较有代表性的观点：“人身危险性说”、“可能性说”、“关联性和人身危险性说”以及“必要性和关联度说”。这四种学说各有特色，或多或少地揭示了禁止令适用条件应当具备的内容，对构建禁止令的适用条件有借鉴价值。然而，构建构建禁止令的适用条件不能局限于适用条件本身，应当更深一步的探讨禁止令的目的与性质，只有明确了目的与性质，才能构建出合理的适用条件。从目的上而言，禁止令的目的应当是教育矫正和预防违法犯罪，因此，禁止令只能在有妨碍改造的可能和诱发违法犯罪的可能时适用。除此之外，适用禁止令不能不考虑现实中的可操作性，应当排除根本不具备可行性的禁止令。这样，禁止令的目的决定了禁止令的适用条件中必须具备严重妨碍教育矫正和诱发违法再犯的可能性条件、关联度条件和作为排除条件的比例性条件、可行性条件。从性质上而言，，禁止并不是保安处分，而是属于非监禁刑的辅助执行措施，基于此，禁止令的适用应当是消极的和限权性的，这决定了禁止令必须具备符合比例性条件和关联度条件。
[Abstract]:The prohibition order system has broken through the traditional domain of punishment in our country and has the significance of system innovation. It has become a major innovation of the eighth Amendment to the Criminal Law.However, a restraining order, as a measure of punishment that can be imposed at the discretion of the judge to restrict the freedom of a criminal, can be said to be a double-edged sword and, if properly applied, can become an efficient tool for maintaining social stability.However, if it is not applied properly, it will infringe on the legitimate rights and interests of criminals.Therefore, how to construct reasonable applicable conditions of restraining order is a problem that must be solved to apply this system correctly.It is necessary to interpret the legislative provisions of the applicable conditions of prohibition order in order to construct reasonable conditions of application of prohibition order.At present, the relevant laws and regulations of the prohibition order system are still exploratory, and the provisions on the applicable conditions of the prohibition order are more than principled and not operable.The consequence of such legislation is the difficulty of proscription in judicial practice and confusion in its application.It is necessary to draw lessons from the existing theoretical viewpoints to construct reasonable conditions for the application of restraining orders.At present, there are four representative views on the application conditions of restraining order: "personal danger theory", "possibility theory", "relevance and personal danger theory" and "necessity and correlation degree theory".These four theories have their own characteristics, which more or less reveal the content of the applicable conditions of the prohibition order, and have reference value to the construction of the applicable conditions of the prohibition order.However, the applicable conditions of constructing a prohibition order should not be limited to the applicable condition itself, but should be further explored into the purpose and nature of the prohibition order. Only when the purpose and nature of the prohibition order are clearly defined, can a reasonable applicable condition be constructed.For the purpose, the purpose of the restraining order should be to educate the correction and prevent the illegal crime, therefore, the restraining order can only be applied when there is the possibility of hindering the reform and inducing the illegal crime.In addition, the application of prohibition order should not take into account the practical maneuverability, should exclude the prohibition order which is not feasible at all.In this way, the purpose of the prohibition order determines that the applicable conditions of the prohibition order must have the possibility condition of seriously hindering the education correction and inducing the illegal reoffending, the relation degree condition and the proportion condition as the exclusion condition, the feasibility condition.By its very nature, the prohibition is not a security measure, but a supplementary measure of execution of a non-custodial sentence. On the basis of this, the application of the prohibition order should be negative and restrictive.This determines that the prohibition order must meet the requirements of proportionality and relevance.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.1

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