包庇、纵容黑社会性质组织罪的司法认定

发布时间：2018-04-05 23:06

本文选题：黑社会性质组织　切入点：包庇　出处：《西南大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：《刑法》第二百九十四条第四款对“包庇、纵容黑社会性质组织罪”进行了规定,但在司法实践过程中,如何准确认定本罪的犯罪主体、犯罪故意、行为方式、行为对象、犯罪形态等,一直存在争议。如何解决司法认定的疑难问题,有利于提高定罪量刑的准确性,对摧毁黑社会性质组织的“保护伞”,有着重要的理论与实践价值。本文从司法认定的角度入手,采取理论、案例、数据相结合的形式,研究本罪在司法认定中的疑难问题。首先从行为对象入手,明确本罪的对象必须为黑社会性质组织,如果对其他犯罪组织、团伙或个人进行包庇不构成本罪。然后,从包庇、纵容行为的对象、实施方式以及两者的共性问题进行分析,厘清包庇、纵容行为的区别与联系。接着,分析了本罪主体。从罪刑法定的精神出发,国家机关工作人员是构成本罪的唯一主体,非国家机关工作人员只能成为本罪的共犯。但就立法与司法实践两方面来看,若本罪的主体仅指国家机关工作人员,不仅有弱化刑法设立本罪的目的之嫌,也不利于司法实践中对于本罪的认定和打击。对于国家机关工作人员能否成为其所包庇、纵容的黑社会性质组织的成员,理应从具体的案情进行分析,不能一概而论。随后,从主观认识因素出发,分析了本罪只能由直接故意构成,但在认定是否需要“明知”包庇、纵容的对象是黑社会性质组织时,笔者认为就目前的刑法理论基础以及司法实践情况还无法给出一个确定的结论,这也是司法实践中存在的困境。笔者提出了一种设想,即谨慎的利用客观行为及司法机关掌握的证据,推导出行为人是否“明知”其包庇、纵容的对象为黑社会性质组织。最后,从罪数及犯罪形态两个角度,对本罪在司法实践中的其他问题进行了探讨。全文分为三部分。第一部分是本罪的理论梳理。以概念解读的方式,阐述本罪的含义和内容。接着,分析了本罪的立法沿革,纵向上对本罪的立法规定进行阐述,理解立法的精神和目的。第二部分是对本罪在司法实践中凸显的疑难问题进行剖析。首先,从行为对象的司法认定角度入手,明确认定本罪成立的关键在于行为对象是否为黑社会性质组织。在司法实践过程中,认定本罪应当要有一个正确的逻辑思路,不能先“定调子”,认定犯罪组织为黑社会性质组织,然后再去收集相关的罪证。对行为对象的发现和认定,通常是从具体的、复杂的违法犯罪事实中去判断和分析。然后,从本罪的客观行为方式上入手,具体分析包庇、纵容的对象、行为方式等,厘清与知情不举行为的区别,分析徇私利或徇私情是否为构成本罪必备的要素,阐述包庇与纵容的共性问题。接着,对本罪主体的司法认定疑难问题进行分析。应当认为,按照罪刑法定精神,本罪的主体应仅限于国家机关工作人员,非国家机关工作人员只能成为本罪的共犯。但若将本罪的主体只限于国家机关工作人员,不利于对黑社会性质组织提供庇护的“保护伞”进行打击。对于国家机关工作人员能否成为其所包庇、纵容的黑社会性质组织的成员,理应从具体的案情进行分析,不能一概而论。最后,在实践中,司法机关应当坚持主客观相一致的办案思路,在认定行为人对本罪是否“明知”的问题上,应从行为人对其所包庇、纵容的组织情况的了解程度,与组织成员关系的密切程度,及其该组织实施的违法犯罪活动的次数、性质、行为等多方面事实进行整体分析,全面考量。第三部分主要是对本罪司法认定中的其他问题进行分析和阐述。罪数和犯罪形态的认定也是司法机关在定罪量刑中常常遇到的问题。本罪为行为犯,即行为人实施并完成包庇或者纵容黑社会性质组织的行为,就成立犯罪的既遂。界定本罪既遂与未遂的根本在于：行为人有无着手实行并完成包庇、纵容的犯罪行为。而在司法实践中,当行为人既收受贿赂,又对黑社会性质组织进行包庇、纵容时,因为受贿和包庇、纵容是数个行为,触犯了不同客体,侵犯了刑法所保护的不同法益。同时,在立法理论依据上,我国刑法也明确了对牵连犯可以数罪并罚。因此,为了预防和打击犯罪,对行为人实行数罪并罚是适当的。另一方面,如果行为人的包庇、纵容行为除了构成本罪,还触犯了渎职类犯罪的,应当依照法条竞合的原则,从一重罪进行处罚。
[Abstract]:< > 294th of paragraph fourth of criminal law "shield, connive" of the rules, but in the process of judicial practice, how to accurately identify the subject of the crime of intentional crime, behavior, behavior object, crime, has been controversial. How to solve the difficult problems in judicial cognizance, have to improve the accuracy of the conviction and sentencing, to destroy the Mafia "umbrella", has important theoretical and practical value.
This paper from the judicial perspective, take the theory and case data, combining form, difficult problems in the judicial practice of this crime. Starting from the behavior of the object, the object must be clear of the crime syndicate, if the other criminal organizations, groups or individuals will not constitute the crime. Then, from the harbor, the object of conniving behavior, analysis, implementation methods and their common problems to clarify the relationship between the harbor, indulgent behavior. Then, analyzes the subject of the crime. Starting from the legality of the spirit, the staff of state organs is the only subject of this crime, the non state staff can only become accomplices of this crime. But on the two aspects of legislation and judicial practice, if the subject of the crime only refers to the staff of state organs, not only weaken the criminal purpose of the establishment of this crime suspect, is not conducive to judicial practice To identify and combat the crime. The state personnel can become the harbor, members of Mafia connivance, should be analyzed, from the specific case can not be generalized. Then, starting from the subjective factors, analysis of this crime is direct intention, but in determining whether to "knowingly" the harbor, connivance is the object of the underworld organization, the author thinks that the current criminal law theory and judicial practice are also unable to give a definite conclusion, and it is also the difficulty in legal practice. The author suggests that, cautious use to master objective behavior and judicial evidence derived whether the perpetrator knowingly harboring, indulgent object for the Mafia. Finally, from two angles of quantity of crime and crime, for this crime in the judicial practice in the other The problem is discussed.
The full text is divided into three parts. The first part is the theoretical combing of this crime. It explains the meaning and content of this crime in the way of concept interpretation. Then, it analyzes the legislative evolution of the crime, and expounds the legislative provisions of this crime in the longitudinal direction, and understands the spirit and purpose of legislation.
The second part is the problems of the crime in the judicial practice highlights analyze. First of all, from the perspective of judicial behavior, clearly identified the key lies in the establishment of this crime behavior whether the object is the underworld organization. In the process of judicial practice, identification of the crime should be to have a correct logic, not to "set the tone", the crime of Mafia organization, and then to collect relevant evidence. The behavior of object discovery and identification, usually from the complex criminal facts in judgment and analysis. Then, starting from the way of the objective behavior of crime, the specific analysis of the harbor, indulgent object, behavior, and to distinguish the behavior, analysis to gain or relations is essential elements of this crime, elaborate shielding and conniving problems. Then, for the Lord The judicial determination of difficult problems were analyzed. It should be considered that, in accordance with the spirit of legality, the subject of the crime should be limited to the staff of state organs, non state staff can only become accomplices of this crime. But if the subject of the crime is only limited to the staff of state organs, is not conducive to the underworld organization provide asylum protection umbrella "to combat. For state personnel can become the harbor, members of Mafia connivance, should be analyzed, from the specific case can not be generalized. Finally, in practice, the judicial organs shall adhere to the objective and subjective handling ideas consistent, in recognition of this crime is" knowing "the problem, from the behavior of the shield, understand the organization degree of connivance, and close degree of organization membership, and the organization and implementation of the illegal crime The number of crimes, the nature, the behavior and other facet of the whole analysis, comprehensive consideration.
The third part is mainly on the other problems in the judicial cognizance is described and analyzed. The number of crimes and crime form of the crime is the judicial organs are often encountered in the conviction and sentencing issues. The crime is committed, the behavior of the implementation and completion of harboring or conniving Mafia organization behavior, crime is accomplished. Is accomplished and attempted crime: define the behavior of people have started to implement and complete the shield, criminal acts condoned. In judicial practice, when the perpetrator is accepting bribes, and the organization of the underworld nature of the harbor, connivance, for bribery and harboring, connivance of a number of acts, violated the different object that violated the different legal interests protected by criminal law. At the same time, the legal theory basis, China's criminal law is also clear on implicated offense can graft. Therefore, in order to prevent and combat crime, and to implement the number of Crime and punishment is appropriate. On the other hand, if the shield behavior person, in addition to indulge behavior of this crime, but also violated the crime of dereliction of duty, should be in accordance with the articles of law the principle of punishment from a felony.

【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.3

【参考文献】