替考行为犯罪化的学理评析

发布时间：2018-04-11 20:59

本文选题：替考 + 犯罪化　；参考：《东方法学》2015年06期

【摘要】：替考行为的犯罪化既是立法上的犯罪化,也是司法上的犯罪化,对于该犯罪化的方案应当进行罪质与行为模式的评析。替考犯罪所侵犯的法益是国家考试制度的公共信用,其行为方式属于伪造行为。《刑法修正案(九)》草案第32条将"替代他人参加国家规定的考试"与"让他人替代自己参加国家规定的考试"规定为替考犯罪的实行行为,并设置了现行刑法中最轻的法定刑。但这种将替考双方"同罪同罚"的立法模式不符合必要共犯的法理,可能导致司法认定上的困难,也难以达到良好的社会效果。按照刑事立法的科学性要求,替考行为的犯罪化方案应当仅将替代他人考试者一方规定为犯罪主体,并重点制裁职业替考者。对职业替考者宜规定为集合犯,设置较重的法定刑。
[Abstract]:The decriminalization of the testamentary behavior is not only the criminalization of legislation but also the criminalization of judicature. The quality of the crime and the mode of behavior should be evaluated for the scheme of the criminalization.The legal interest infringed by the crime of the substitute examination is the public credit of the national examination system.Article 32 of the draft Amendment to the Criminal Law (9) defines "taking the examination as a substitute for another person" and "allowing another person to take the examination prescribed by the state" as the act of performing a substitute examination crime.And set up the lightest legal penalty in the current criminal law.However, this legislative model of "the same crime and the same punishment" does not accord with the legal principle of necessary accomplice, which may lead to difficulties in judicial determination and also difficult to achieve good social effects.In accordance with the scientific requirements of criminal legislation, the criminal scheme of the act of taking the bench should only stipulate the party that replaces the examiner of others as the subject of the crime, and punish the occupational examiner emphatically.It is advisable to set up a heavier legal penalty for the occupational examiners to be set up as collective offenders.
【作者单位】：南京审计学院法学院;
【分类号】：D924.3

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