诈骗类犯罪中“以非法占有为目的”的司法认定探析

发布时间：2018-04-18 02:23

本文选题：非法占有 + 推定　；参考：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：诈骗类犯罪中"以非法占有为目的"是必备的构成要素,是诈骗犯罪成立的关键,但对其的认定在司法实践中是一个难题。普通诈骗犯罪与特殊诈骗犯罪中"以非法占有为目的"的认定难点各有各的不同,要作出不同的分析。司法人员认定"以非法占有为目的"的前提是正确理解非法占有目的的内涵,要正确理解非法占有目的的内涵就要从诈骗犯罪的刑事政策出发作出符合刑法目的的解释。深藏于内心的主观目的难以直接获得,只有通过见之于客观的外在行为来获知内在的心理状态。"以非法占有为目的"的认定难的成因是多方面的,有认定标准、认定方法等多方面的原因。找出原因,就要对症下药。对诈骗类犯罪"以非法占有为目的"的证明要软硬兼具,除了证据要达到确实、充分的标准,还需要法官的内心确信,对证据的取舍和证明力进行判断。司法解释对集资诈骗案件的"以非法占有为目的"的认定作出了列举式的规定,列举的七种情形是通过推定获得的,而且均为正向推定,没有考虑特殊情形和集资诈骗领域涉及到的商业运作规律的特点,在司法实践认定中就要考虑到司法解释的这一不足之处,运用反向推定,具体案件具体分析。推定在认定"以非法占有为目的"中的作用得到了学界和实务界的认可,也是实务中会实际采用的认定方法,但推定有其自身的局限性,必须谨慎适用。合理设计法条,现有法条只规定了什么"是"非法占有为目的,可以增加"否"的方面,兜底条款的设计要体现列举情形的继续才会更有适用价值。此外,建立程序保障机制重视反驳意见,提高办案人员法律水平等都是解决认定诈骗类犯罪"以非法占有为目的"司法实践难题的有效途径。
[Abstract]:"taking illegal possession as the aim" is the essential element of fraud crime and the key to the establishment of fraud crime, but its identification is a difficult problem in judicial practice.In the ordinary fraud crime and the special fraud crime, the difficulty of "illegal possession as the purpose" has its own differences, so it is necessary to make different analysis.The premise of the judicial personnel's determination that "illegal possession is the purpose" is to correctly understand the connotation of the purpose of illegal possession, and to correctly understand the connotation of the purpose of illegal possession, it is necessary to make an explanation consistent with the purpose of the criminal law from the criminal policy of the crime of fraud.The subjective purpose, which is deep in the heart, is difficult to obtain directly, but only through the objective external behavior to know the inner state of mind. "There are many reasons for the difficulty in the identification of illegal possession.To find out the cause, we must prescribe the right medicine.In order to prove the crime of fraud "for the purpose of illegal possession", the proof should be both hard and soft. In addition to the proof to be true and sufficient, it is also necessary for the judge's inner conviction to judge the choice of evidence and the power of proof.The judicial interpretation has made the enumeration stipulation to the confirmation of "taking illegal possession as the purpose" in the case of financing fraud. The seven cases listed are obtained by presumption, and all of them are positive presumptions.Without considering the special circumstances and the characteristics of the commercial operation law involved in the field of fund-raising fraud, the deficiency of judicial interpretation should be taken into account in the judicial practice, and the reverse presumption is used to analyze the specific case.The role of presumption in the determination of "illegal possession" has been recognized by the academic and practical circles, and it is also a practical method to be adopted in practice, but the presumption has its own limitations and must be applied carefully.According to the reasonable design of the law, the existing law only stipulates what "illegal possession" is for the purpose, and can increase the "no" aspect. The design of the "bottom clause" should reflect the continuation of the enumeration of circumstances before it has more applicable value.In addition, it is an effective way to solve the problem of judicial practice of defrauding crime of "taking illegal possession as the purpose" to establish procedural guarantee mechanism to attach importance to the opinion of refutation and to improve the legal level of the personnel handling the case.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D924.35

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