论企业的环境刑事责任

发布时间：2018-04-30 07:16

本文选题：环境犯罪 + 企业环境刑事责任　；参考：《中南林业科技大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：企业是现代市场经济的重要主体,企业的生存需要以牺牲环境、资源成本为代价,它们在贡献社会财富的同时,必然产生一系列的环境问题。目前,企业造成的污染型环境犯罪日益增加,人们对治理环境犯罪的呼声也越来越高,如何采取措施最大限度的实现企业的环境刑事责任,对其研究具有重大的现实意义。企业环境刑事责任是企业实施单位环境犯罪行为所引起的刑事法律责任。其承担主体上具有特殊性,既要对企业判处罚金,又要对企业直接负责的主管人员和其他责任人员进行处罚,实行双罚制。鉴于环境犯罪自身的特点,企业环境刑事责任的实现较为苦难、复杂。. 在立法上,我国关于企业环境刑事责任立法处于发展、完善的阶段,与国外发达国家相比,我国的立法还远远落后,在许多地方值得我们去借鉴。在司法实践中,由于立法上的不完善,导致了具体司法适用出现一些问题,对企业的处罚只限于罚金刑一种,且罚金刑数额较低,对企业相关责任人员处罚,主要以短期自由刑,处罚力度不够,判决中存在罪刑不均衡现象等。整体上,企业环境刑事责任的立法与实践都存在一些问题,具体包括责任主体范围待立法明确、犯罪客体界定不科学、缺乏有关危险犯的规定、因果关系认定方法有待改进、刑罚措施种类单一、自由刑刑罚幅度设置过低、罚金刑处罚力度轻缓。对此,我们须采取一定措施来完善我国企业环境刑事责任。一是要对企业环境犯罪责任主体范围进行立法明确,二是要重新界定企业环境犯罪客体为环境刑法法益,三是要增设有关危险犯的规定,四是应采用因果关系推定原则,五是通过增设资格刑、完善并注重适用非刑罚处罚措施来完善刑罚体系,六是提高企业环境犯罪的刑罚力度,具体包括加大自由刑法定刑的处罚幅度、明确并加大对企业的罚金刑数额。
[Abstract]:Enterprises are the main body of modern market economy. Enterprises need to sacrifice the environment and the cost of resources at the cost of survival. While they contribute to social wealth, they inevitably produce a series of environmental problems. At present, the pollution-type environmental crime caused by enterprises is increasing day by day, and the voice of people to deal with environmental crime is increasing. It is of great practical significance to study how to take measures to realize the environmental criminal responsibility of enterprises to the maximum extent. Corporate environmental criminal liability is the criminal liability caused by the environmental crimes committed by enterprises. Its undertaking subject has particularity, it should not only impose fine on the enterprise, but also punish the person in charge and other responsible personnel of the enterprise directly, and carry out double penalty system. In view of the characteristics of environmental crime itself, the realization of corporate environmental criminal responsibility is more difficult, complex. In terms of legislation, our legislation on corporate environmental criminal responsibility is in the stage of development and perfection. Compared with the developed countries, our legislation is still far behind, and it is worth learning from in many places. In judicial practice, due to the imperfect legislation, there are some problems in the specific judicial application. The punishment of the enterprise is limited to one kind of fine penalty, and the amount of fine penalty is relatively low. Mainly to short-term free punishment, punishment is not enough, there is an imbalance in the sentence of crime and punishment, and so on. On the whole, there are some problems in the legislation and practice of corporate environmental criminal responsibility, including the scope of responsibility subject to be clearly defined, the definition of criminal object is not scientific, the lack of regulations on dangerous crime, the method of causation need to be improved. The penalty measure is single, the range of free penalty is too low, and the penalty of fine is light. In view of this, we must take certain measure to perfect our country enterprise environment criminal responsibility. First, it is necessary to legislate the scope of the subject of corporate environmental crime responsibility; second, to redefine the object of enterprise environmental crime as the legal benefit of environmental criminal law; third, to add provisions on dangerous crimes; and fourth, to adopt the principle of presumption of causality. The fifth is to perfect the penalty system by adding qualification penalty, perfecting and paying attention to the application of non-penalty punishment measures. Sixth, to improve the penalty intensity of enterprise environmental crime, including specifically increasing the punishment range of legal punishment of free punishment. Clear and increase the amount of fines imposed on enterprises.
【学位授予单位】：中南林业科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.3

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