未成年人刑事责任年龄司法认定制度完善研究

发布时间：2018-05-01 13:14

本文选题：刑事责任年龄 + 证据　；参考：《吉林大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：近些年来,随着经济的不断发展以及科技的不断进步,未成年人犯罪人数也在逐渐增加,并且向低龄化、恶性化发展,严重危害了社会的稳定。我国现行刑法中关于未成年人刑事责任年龄的过于刚性的规定,已经很难适应当前社会未成年人犯罪发生的巨大变化。在司法实践中,一些未成年犯罪嫌疑人因为没有户口、报错出生日期、篡改户籍证明等原因无法确定其真实年龄,如果只能将其年龄确定在一个跨越刑事责任年龄临界点的年龄段里如13周岁至15周岁,那么依据现有法律则推定其没有达到刑事责任年龄,不负刑事责任。这种情况导致了一些未成年人犯罪后因不能确定年龄而不负刑事责任,而后却有恃无恐继续实施恶性犯罪,这在一定程度上造成了我国未成年人刑事责任年龄制度的司法适用困境,因此必须对未成年人刑事责任年龄司法认定制度进行完善,构建我国未成年人刑事责任年龄司法认定标准的应然向度,实现司法的实质公正。研究如何完善未成年人刑事责任年龄司法认定制度必须了解未成年人刑事责任年龄与刑事责任之间密不可分的关系,可以说在一定程度上未成年犯罪嫌疑人的年龄决定了其是否应当负刑事责任以及如果其应负刑事责任那么其应负刑事责任的大小。正是由于未成年人刑事责任年龄与刑事责任的这种密切关系,才必须慎重对待未成年人刑事责任年龄司法认定制度。依据我国法律,能够证明未成年犯罪嫌疑人年龄的证据主要有户籍证明、出生证明、学籍证明以及证人证言等,其中户籍证明必须按照国家规定的程序和要求出具,具有比较强的规范性,因此户籍证明与其他证明未成年犯罪嫌疑人年龄的证据相比较来说具有更高的证明价值。但是在司法实践中由于户籍管理信息采集滞后、农历公历混淆以及当事人篡改户籍信息等原因,有些时候会出现依靠户籍信息无法确定未成年犯罪嫌疑人年龄的情况,因此为了实现刑法的惩罚与保护功能,必须完善未成年人刑事责任年龄司法认定制度。要构建我国未成年人刑事责任年龄司法认定标准的应然向度,就必须明确未成年人刑事责任年龄制度的基础是社会成熟度,而非简单的生理年龄。在户籍证明与其他书证、言辞证据相结合仍然无法确定未成年犯罪嫌疑人年龄时,可以使用骨龄鉴定、心理年龄测试等技术手段进行辅助,并且给予法官一定的自由裁量权来确定其年龄,同时还必须兼顾打击犯罪与保障人权。只有完善未成年人刑事责任年龄司法认定制度,才能更好的平衡存疑有利于被告原则与社会情感。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the continuous development of economy and the progress of science and technology, the number of juvenile delinquency is also gradually increasing, and to the younger age, malignant development, seriously endangering the stability of society. It is difficult to adapt to the great changes of juvenile delinquency in the current criminal law of our country because of its rigid age of criminal responsibility. In judicial practice, some minor criminal suspects are unable to determine their true age because they do not have a residence registration, report a wrong birth date, and tamper with a household registration certificate. If their age can only be set at a age that crosses the threshold of criminal responsibility, such as 13 to 15 years of age, then they are presumed under existing law to have not reached the age of criminal responsibility and not to be criminally responsible. This situation has led some minors to commit crimes without criminal responsibility because they cannot determine their age, and then they have no fear of continuing to commit vicious crimes. To a certain extent, this has caused the difficulty of judicial application of the age system of juvenile criminal responsibility in our country, so we must perfect the judicial cognizance system of the age of criminal responsibility of minors. Construct the standard of judicial recognition of juvenile criminal responsibility age in our country, and realize the substantive justice of judicature. To study how to perfect the judicial cognizance system of juvenile's age of criminal responsibility, we must understand the inseparable relationship between the age of juvenile's criminal responsibility and the criminal responsibility. It can be said that to a certain extent, the age of juvenile criminal suspects determines whether they should bear criminal responsibility and if they should bear criminal responsibility, then they should bear criminal responsibility. It is precisely because of the close relationship between the age of criminal responsibility and the criminal responsibility of minors that the judicial recognition system of the age of criminal responsibility of minors must be treated prudently. According to Chinese law, the evidence that can prove the age of a minor criminal suspect is mainly a certificate of household registration, a birth certificate, a student registration certificate, and a witness's testimony, among which the certificate of residence registration must be issued in accordance with the procedures and requirements prescribed by the state. The household registration certificate has higher proof value than other evidence to prove the age of juvenile criminal suspect. However, in judicial practice, due to the lag in the collection of household registration management information, the confusion of the lunar Gregorian calendar and the tampering of the household registration information by the parties, there will sometimes be situations in which the age of the juvenile criminal suspect cannot be determined by relying on the household registration information. Therefore, in order to realize the function of punishment and protection of criminal law, we must perfect the judicial cognizance system of juvenile's age of criminal responsibility. In order to construct the standard of judicial cognizance of juvenile criminal responsibility age in our country, it is necessary to make clear that the basis of juvenile criminal responsibility age system is social maturity, not simple physiological age. When the household registration certificate is still unable to determine the age of a minor criminal suspect when combined with other documentary evidence and verbal evidence, technical means such as bone age identification and psychological age testing can be used to assist. Judges are given discretion to determine their age, and must balance crime and human rights. Only by perfecting the judicial cognizance system of juvenile's age of criminal responsibility, can the balance of doubt be better in favor of the defendant's principle and social emotion.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D924;C913.5

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