环境污染犯罪分级规制之构想

发布时间：2018-05-03 09:45

本文选题：环境污染犯罪 + 立法缺陷　；参考：《西南政法大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：经济发展在给人们带来福利的同时，也带来了环境污染，给生态和人们生命健康、财产安全造成了巨大损害，利用刑法规制环境污染已经成为世界各国的必然选择。在中国，刑法同样对环境污染行为进行了规制，然而随着环境污染状况的不断恶化，现行立法表现的越来越力不从心。个中原因当然有排污者对经济利益的疯狂追逐和行政部门的监管不力，但是刑法本身的缺陷却极大的削弱了其对污染环境犯罪人的威慑力，导致环境污染犯罪屡罚屡犯。因此本文在分析了学界的立法完善方案并借鉴其思路的基础上，，得出了一点构想，希冀对提高刑法关于环境污染行为的遏制效果有所裨益。本文共分五个部分：第一部分，环境污染犯罪立法现状及存在的问题。本部分首先介绍了我国环境污染犯罪的立法现状，其次以紫金矿业集团环保违规的历史和许多上市企业的多次环保违法的情形为例，分析了现行立法存在的问题，如法定刑设置不合理、罪名体系不完善、刑法条文不够系统等。第二部分，学界完善环境污染犯罪立法之方案及其评析。本部分首先介绍了学界针对环境污染犯罪的立法完善所提出的三种方案，即主张增加危险犯的设置、采用严格责任原则和采取分立罪名的模式，并阐述了各自的理由。其次，笔者对学界的这三种立法完善方案进行了评析，在肯定了学界为完善刑事立法所作出的努力之后，认为不论是主张增加危险犯的设置、采用严格责任制，还是主张采用分立罪名的模式，都有不足之处，具体体现在这三种方案均没有全面考量不同环境污染情形的各自特征，以及与环境标准立法和环境监测程序立法进行有效衔接。因此在本部分的最后，笔者提出了环境污染犯罪分级规制的构想。第三部分，环境污染犯罪分级规制之提倡。本部分论述了环境污染犯罪分级规制相较于学界的完善方案的优越性所在，即与学界的三种主张相比，分级规制更能提高刑法对环境污染犯罪的遏制效果、更符合罪责刑相适应的刑法原则和便捷司法操作。第四部分，环境污染犯罪分级规制构想之设计。本部分首先阐述了对各种环境污染行为进行分级规制的思路，即依据不同污染情形的各自特征，将各种类型的环境污染行为分成有害级、危险级和无害级三类，对应设置污染环境罪、违规处理废物罪和重大环境污染事故罪。其次，根据上述分级规制的思路，阐述了立法条文上的具体设计。
[Abstract]:While economic development brings welfare to people, it also brings environmental pollution. It has caused great damage to ecology and people's life and health and property safety. It has become the inevitable choice of all countries to use criminal law to regulate environmental pollution. In China, the criminal law has also regulated environmental pollution behavior, however, with the environmental pollution situation. The current legislation is becoming more and more difficult. Of course, there are reasons why polluters have a crazy pursuit of economic interests and poor supervision of the administrative department, but the defects of the criminal law greatly weaken the deterrent force to the polluters in the polluted environment, and the crime of environmental pollution is repeatedly punished. On the basis of the legislative improvement plan and its ideas, we draw a little idea and hope to improve the criminal law's containment effect on environmental pollution behavior.
This article is divided into five parts:
The first part, the current situation of environmental pollution crime legislation and the existing problems. This part first introduces the legislative status of the environmental pollution crime in our country. Secondly, taking the history of Environmental Violation of the Zijin Mining Group and many cases of environmental protection illegal in the listed enterprises as an example, this paper analyzes the existing problems in the current legislation, such as the unreasonable setting of legal punishment, The crime system is not perfect, the provisions of the criminal law are not systematic, and so on.
The second part, the academic community consummate the scheme and evaluation of the legislation of environmental pollution crime. This part first introduces the three schemes proposed by the academic community to improve the legislation of environmental pollution crime, that is, to increase the setting of dangerous criminals, adopt the principle of strict liability and adopt the mode of dividing the crime, and explain their respective reasons. Secondly, the author The three legislative perfection programs of the academic circles have been evaluated and analyzed. After affirming the efforts made by the academic circles to perfect the criminal legislation, it is considered that whether it is to increase the setting of dangerous offenders, adopt strict liability system, or advocate the adoption of a separate crime model, there are shortcomings, concretely reflected in the lack of comprehensive consideration of the three schemes. In the end of this part, the author puts forward the conception of the classification of environmental pollution crime.
The third part, the promotion of environmental pollution crime classification regulation. This part expounds the superiority of the classification regulation of environmental pollution crime compared with the perfect program of the academic circle, that is, compared with the three ideas of the academic circles, the classification regulation can improve the containment effect of the criminal law to the environmental pollution crime more, and more conforms to the criminal principle and the criminal principle adapted to the crime and punishment. Czechoslovakia's judicial operation.
The fourth part, the design of the concept of environmental pollution crime classification regulation. First, this part expounds the thought of classification regulation of various environmental pollution behaviors, that is, according to the respective characteristics of different pollution situations, various types of environmental pollution behavior are divided into harmful, dangerous and harmless grade three categories, corresponding to the crime of setting pollution environment and illegal places Secondly, according to the idea of the above classification regulation, the concrete design of the legislative provisions is expounded.

【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.36

【参考文献】