我国犯罪构成体系“出罪机制”的构建

发布时间：2018-05-08 16:02

本文选题：犯罪构成 + 出罪机制　；参考：《南京师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：实践品格的缺失是犯罪构成理论研究中存在的最大问题。犯罪构成体系应当能够针对刑事司法实践中所突显出的问题,回应刑事司法的需求。当前,我国刑事司法的最大问题就在于刑事辩护难,辩护与控诉之间难以平等对话。如何实现控辩平衡成为刑事司法最迫切需要解决的问题。从面向司法的角度,犯罪构成体系的改造就应当致力于为刑事辩护服务,集中解决刑事辩护难的问题。而刑事辩护在犯罪构成上最直接和最重要的依靠和支撑就在于“出罪”上,但目前,不论在刑法理论还是司法实践中,我国传统犯罪构成体系的“出罪功能”都很薄弱。因此,犯罪构成的制度设计必须向刑事辩护倾斜,要以“出罪”为突破口,建立一套完善的犯罪构成体系的“出罪机制”,以平衡“入罪”与“出罪”的双向评价机制。本文主要分为四个部分：第一部分主要讨论相关的概念。“出罪”是一个十分宽泛的概念,最终作无罪处理的都可称之为“出罪”。“出罪”具有多种形式,可分为“立法出罪”与“司法出罪”、“实体出罪”与“程序出罪”,犯罪构成体系的“出罪”兼具“司法出罪”与“实体出罪”的双重属性。犯罪构成体系的“出罪”依据方式不同,又可区分为否定构成要件要素的“出罪”和主张“出罪事由”的“出罪”,犯罪构成体系的“出罪机制”就是“出罪事由”在犯罪构成体系内部的体系化展开。第二部分讨论“出罪机制”的建构依据。当下,主张建构犯罪构成体系的“出罪机制”既有刑事司法实践的需求,也有来自理论上支撑和推动。从理论依据的角度,主张在犯罪构成体系内建构“出罪机制”主要是基于三点考虑,即刑法谦抑的理念、控辩平衡的理念以及理论体系的逻辑自洽性；而从现实考量的角度,刑事辩护的困境、冤假错案对司法公正的影响以及“情”与“法”相冲突的疑难案件都要求我国的犯罪构成体系作出回应和改变,而焦点就在于“出罪机制”的建构。第三部分是对我国犯罪构成体系“出罪机制”的考察与反思。从与域外犯罪构成体系的比较中也可看出,我国的犯罪构成体系存在体系结构上的重大缺陷,即没有一套独立的“出罪机制”,由此导致我国的犯罪构成体系难以体现控辩双方平衡博弈的动态定罪逻辑。第四部分是对“出罪机制”的建构设想。犯罪构成体系不能仅仅关注于依法定罪,更需关注合理化的“出罪”,这就要求犯罪构成的制度设计必须向刑事辩护倾斜,将体现辩护话语的“出罪事由”纳入犯罪构成体系内,建立一套体系化的“出罪机制”,使犯罪构成体系成为“入罪——出罪”的双向评价机制。
[Abstract]:The lack of practical character is the biggest problem in the study of the theory of criminal constitution. The system of criminal constitution should be able to respond to the demand of criminal justice according to the problems highlighted in criminal justice practice. At present, the biggest problem of criminal justice in our country lies in the difficulty of criminal defense and the difficulty of equal dialogue between defense and complaint. How to achieve the balance between prosecution and defense has become the most urgent problem in criminal justice. From the point of view of facing the judicature, the reform of the criminal constitution system should focus on serving the criminal defense and solving the problem of the difficulty in the criminal defense. The most direct and important support of the criminal defense in the constitution of the crime lies in the "crime out", but at present, the function of the traditional crime constitution system of our country is very weak in both the criminal law theory and the judicial practice. Therefore, the system design of the constitution of the crime must be inclined to the criminal defense, taking "crime out" as the breakthrough point, establishing a set of perfect "crime mechanism" of the constitution system of crime, in order to balance the two-way evaluation mechanism of "guilty" and "out of crime". This paper is divided into four parts: The first part mainly discusses the related concepts. "crime" is a very broad concept, the final acquittal can be called "crime." "Crime out" can be divided into "legislation crime" and "judicial crime", "entity crime" and "procedure crime". The crime constitution system has the dual attributes of "judicial crime" and "substantial crime". According to the different ways of crime constitution system, it can be divided into "crime out" which negates the elements of constitutive elements and "crime" which advocates "crime subject matter". The "crime mechanism" of the crime constitution system is the systematization of the crime constitution system. The second part discusses the construction basis of the crime mechanism. At present, there are not only the needs of criminal judicial practice, but also the theoretical support and promotion of the "crime mechanism" which advocates the construction of crime constitution system. From the angle of theoretical basis, it is mainly based on three considerations to advocate the construction of "crime mechanism" in the system of constitution of crime, namely, the idea of modesty of criminal law, the idea of balance between prosecution and defense, and the logical self-consistency of theoretical system, and from the angle of realistic consideration, The dilemma of criminal defense, the influence of unjust and false cases on judicial justice and the difficult cases of conflict between "emotion" and "law" require our country's criminal constitution system to respond and change, but the focus is on the construction of "crime mechanism". The third part is the investigation and reflection on the system of crime constitution in China. It can also be seen from the comparison with the extraterritorial crime constitution system that there is a major defect in the system structure of our country, that is, there is no independent "crime mechanism". As a result, the criminal constitution system of our country is difficult to embody the dynamic conviction logic of the balance game between the prosecution and the defense. The fourth part is the construction of the crime mechanism. The system of constitution of crime should not only focus on the conviction according to law, but also pay attention to the rational "crime", which requires that the system design of the constitution of crime must be inclined to the criminal defense. In this paper, the author brings the reason of crime into the system of crime constitution, sets up a set of systematic mechanism of crime, and makes the system of crime constitution become a two-way evaluation mechanism of "incrimination-crime out".
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924

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