论我国刑法对儿童性权利的保护

发布时间：2018-05-08 18:41

本文选题：儿童 + 性权利　；参考：《华东政法大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来性侵儿童案件的频发，引起社会极大反响，这些案件均触及法律底线，刺激着民众的道德神经。公众除了谴责罪犯的恶劣行径外，也呼吁各方加大保护儿童的力度。相对于成年人而言，儿童在面对外界侵害时的自我保护能力明显不足，这就使得他们更容易成为不法分子侵害的目标,这种弱势在面对性侵犯时表现得尤为突出。在预防和惩罚违法犯罪方面，刑法制裁手段的严厉性是其他部门法无法相比的，因而刑法对儿童性权利的保护也是最有力的。面对日益猖獗的性侵害儿童犯罪，刑法惩罚和保护的任务就更加紧迫。目前我国刑法对儿童性权利的保护主要体现在打击性侵害儿童犯罪的分则条款上，包括强奸罪，猥亵儿童罪，组织卖淫罪，强迫卖淫罪，引诱、容留、介绍卖淫罪，引诱幼女卖淫罪，嫖宿幼女罪等。虽然刑法对儿童性权利构建了相对严密的保护网，但是目前来看，这张保护网还存在种种疏漏。此外，理论界和实务中对相关条款、司法解释的规定及具体运用一直存在争议。为了加强对儿童性权利刑法保护的研究，从而为立法提出相关完善建议，本文将从以下三个方面进行论述：第一部分，对儿童及儿童性权利的基本概念做个简要说明。首先明确刑法意义上的儿童概念，将儿童与其他法律主体区分开来，再从性权利的概念入手，明确儿童也是性权利的主体，儿童同样享有性权利。其次，分析目前儿童性权利遭受侵害的状况，指出对儿童性权利保护的紧迫性，再从性侵儿童犯罪的现状和特点说明这类案件的现实危害性。第二部分，分析我国刑法对儿童性权利保护的立法缺陷。第一，对我国目前刑法关于儿童性权利保护的规定进行梳理。虽然立法上形成相对完善的保护体系，但还是存在漏洞。第二，现行刑法规制存在的问题有：保护范围具有局限性，男童性权利没有得到重视；法益保护的不平衡，涉及儿童卖淫方面的犯罪归类为妨害社会管理秩序罪，属于归类不当；儿童性权利缺乏独立性，儿童性权利往往附属在女性成年人性权利的规范中。第三，从典型性侵害儿童犯罪分析具体罪名存在的问题，以奸淫幼女型强奸罪和嫖宿幼女罪作为分析的重点，主要从具体犯罪构成要件上探讨罪与非罪、此罪与彼罪在认定中存在的困惑。第四,分析性侵儿童犯罪刑法规制缺陷出现的原因。包括传统性观念对刑事立法的影响，男尊女卑、男权主义的思想造成对儿童性权利保护的边缘化；成文法固有的缺陷，立法的滞后性与社会发展之间的矛盾。第三部分，，我国刑法对儿童性权利保护的立法完善。首先借鉴域外刑事法律的相关规定，作为完善我国刑法对儿童性权利保护的参考。其次，对最新出台的关于性侵儿童犯罪的法律规定进行简要分析，指出其进步意义和不足之处，希望立法能够吸纳规定中的进步之处。此外，对恋童癖者实施化学阉割的立法可行性进行论述，研究化学阉割的利弊以及我国目前推行这种方式存在的不足，期望能够在刑罚和其他处罚手段中找到平衡点。最后，针对本文第二部分的立法缺陷提出完善建议。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the frequent occurrence of sexual invasion of children has caused great social repercussions. These cases all touch the bottom line of the law and stimulate the moral nerve of the people. In addition to condemning the bad behavior of the criminals, the public also calls on all parties to increase the strength of the protection of children. This makes it easier for them to become targets of illegality, especially when faced with sexual assault.
In the prevention and punishment of crimes, the severity of the means of criminal law sanctions is not comparable to other department laws, so the protection of children's sexual rights is also the most powerful. Facing the increasingly rampant sexual assault on children, the task of punishment and protection of criminal law is more urgent. The protection of children's sexual rights in our criminal law is mainly the main protection The provisions of the sub provisions of the crime against sexual assault on children include the crime of rape, the crime of indecent children, the crime of prostitution, the crime of forcing prostitution, the temptation, the tolerance, the introduction of the crime of prostitution, the temptation of the prostitution of young girls, the crime of prostitution and young girls. Although the criminal law has established a relatively strict protection net for the sexual rights of children, the protection net still exists at present. In addition, there are still disputes on the relevant provisions and the specific application of judicial interpretation in the theoretical and practical fields. In order to strengthen the research on the protection of the criminal law of children's sexual rights, and to make relevant suggestions for the legislation, this paper will discuss the following three aspects:
The first part is a brief description of the basic concepts of children and children's sexual rights. First, the concept of children in the meaning of criminal law is clearly defined, children are distinguished from other legal subjects, and then, starting with the concept of sexual rights, it is clear that children are the subject of sexual rights and children also enjoy sexual rights. Secondly, it analyses the present sexual rights of children. The urgency of the protection of children's sexual rights is pointed out, and the actual harmfulness of such cases is explained from the present situation and characteristics of sexual assault on children.
The second part analyzes the legislative defects of the protection of children's sexual rights in China's criminal law. First, the provisions on the protection of children's sexual rights in the current criminal law are combed. Although the legislation has formed a relatively perfect protection system, there are still loopholes. Second, the existing problems of the current criminal law regulation are: the scope of protection is limited, the male child is limited. Sexual rights have not been paid attention to; the imbalance in the protection of legal interests, related to the crime of child prostitution as a crime of hindering social management order, belongs to improper classification; children's sexual rights are lack of independence, and children's sexual rights are often attached to the norms of sexual rights of women adults. Third, specific crimes are analyzed from typical crimes against children. The existing problems, the crime of adultery young female rape and the crime of whoring and young girls as the focus of the analysis, mainly from the specific elements of the crime and non crime, this crime and the perplexity in the identification of the crime. Fourth, analysis of the causes of the criminal law regulation defects of sexual invasion of children, including the influence of traditional concept on criminal legislation, male respect The idea of femininity and male chauvinism leads to marginalization of the protection of children's sexual rights, the inherent defects of statute law, the lag between legislation and social development.
The third part, China's criminal law to improve the protection of children's sexual rights legislation. First of all, draw on the relevant provisions of the foreign criminal law, as a reference to improve the protection of children's sexual rights in the criminal law of our country. Secondly, a brief analysis of the latest legal provisions on sexual invasion of children, pointing out the significance and shortcomings of its progress, and hoping to stand up. In addition, the legislative feasibility of chemical castration for the pedophile is discussed, the advantages and disadvantages of chemical castration and the shortcomings of the current implementation of this method in our country are studied. The balance point is expected to be found in the punishment and other means of punishment. Finally, the legislative defects of the second part of this article are aimed at the defects. Put forward perfect suggestions.

【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.3

【参考文献】