强制医疗中不法行为的刑法适用初探

发布时间：2018-05-10 10:48

本文选题：精神病 + 强制医疗　；参考：《西南政法大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：相较于健康人群而言，精神病人可谓是弱势群体，，这一群体的权益相较于健康人而言更容易受到侵害，且他们当中很大一部分人不知、不能救济自己的权益，因此对其权益更应进行关注，必要时动用刑法保障其权益。在实践中严重侵害精神病人权利的不法行为确实存在，然而不论是在立法中还是在司法中对此类行为处置力度都不足，且我国学术界对此类行为的探讨也较少。应在刑事立法、司法中对精神病人增大关注以实现公正。本文全文除引言外，共分为六个部分，共计三万余字：第一部分，强制医疗中不法行为的基本界定，对精神病人、强制医疗的概念进行探讨并对强制医疗中的不法行为进行界定。第二部分，考察强制医疗的不法行为法律处置的现状及困境，在实践中，强制医疗中的严重不法行为并不少见，然而行为人被追究刑事责任的却寥寥无几，在强制医疗中用司法手段维权面临较大的困境。因此有必要对此类行为的刑法规制进行研究。第三部分，强制医疗中不法行为可能表现为亲属、单位、行政机关、司法机关、医疗人员等多种行为人及多种行为方式。我将不法行为的行为方式分为非法送医、非法治疗、遗弃精神病人三类进行分析，其中在非法治疗行为中又分为了非法限制精神病人人身自由、非法实施医疗措施、侮辱、虐待精神病人、非法行医这四种具体的行为。这部分通过分析不法行为行为方式为下文分析不法行为的刑法规制奠定基础。第四部分，刑法是规定犯罪与刑罚的法律，只有严重侵犯刑法所保护法益的行为方被认为是犯罪，在界定刑事立法及实践中罪与非罪的边界时应考虑罪刑法定原则、法益保护原则、谦抑性原则等。此外在界定强制医疗中不法行为的刑罚限度时应符合罪刑均衡的要求，同时需考虑亲属犯罪及业务犯罪的刑事责任等问题。第五部分，精神病人享有其他公民所享有的权利，其人身及财产权利都受到我国法律保护。在强制医疗中其生命健康权利、人身自由权利、名誉权利等合法权利被严重侵害时，需要适应我国刑法对这些行为进行规制，主要可适应的罪名有虐待罪、虐待被监管人罪、故意伤害（杀人）罪、医疗事故罪、遗弃罪、非法拘禁罪、非法行医罪，然而在有些罪名的适用中存在着一些问题。第六部分，根据上文所述的困境分析强制医疗中不法行为刑法规制的完善方法，探讨将严重不法行为犯罪化的理论根据，并探讨将强制医疗中不法行为立法及司法犯罪化的具体举措。鉴于现行的立法在对强制医疗中不法行为的规制方面有不足之处，文章这部分提出对虐待罪、虐待被监管人罪、医疗事故罪、非法拘禁罪、遗弃罪这几种罪名的立法构想。
[Abstract]:Compared to healthy people, mental patients are a vulnerable group, whose rights and interests are more vulnerable than healthy people, and a large proportion of them do not know that they cannot help their own rights and interests. Therefore, we should pay more attention to their rights and interests, and use criminal law to protect their rights and interests if necessary. In practice, serious violations of the rights of mental patients do exist, but in the legislation or in the judiciary to deal with such acts are inadequate, and the academic community of our country to this kind of behavior is less discussed. We should pay more attention to mental patients in criminal legislation and judicature in order to realize justice. In addition to the introduction, this paper is divided into six parts, a total of more than 30,000 words: The first part, the basic definition of illegal behavior in compulsory medical treatment, discusses the concept of mental patient and compulsory medical treatment, and defines the illegal behavior in compulsory medical treatment. In the second part, the current situation and predicament of the legal treatment of illegal acts of compulsory medical treatment are investigated. In practice, serious illegal acts in compulsory medical treatment are not uncommon, but the perpetrators are rarely investigated for criminal responsibility. In the compulsory medical treatment with judicial means to protect the rights facing a greater dilemma. Therefore, it is necessary to study the criminal law regulation of this kind of behavior. In the third part, the illegal behavior in compulsory medical treatment may be manifested as relatives, units, administrative organs, judicial organs, medical personnel, and so on. I have classified illegal behavior into three categories: illegal medical treatment, illegal treatment, and abandonment of mental patients. Among them, illegal treatment is divided into illegal restrictions on the personal freedom of mental patients, illegal medical measures, and insults. Mistreatment of mental patients, illegal practice of these four specific acts. This part lays a foundation for the following analysis of criminal law regulation of illegal act by analyzing the mode of illegal act. The fourth part, the criminal law is the law which prescribes the crime and the penalty, only the serious violation of the interests of the criminal law is considered as the crime. In defining the boundary between the crime and the non-crime in criminal legislation and practice, the principle of legally prescribed punishment for a crime should be taken into account. The principle of legal interest protection, the principle of modesty, etc. In addition, when defining the penalty limit of illegal act in compulsory medical treatment, we should accord with the requirement of balance between crime and punishment, and should consider the criminal responsibility of relative crime and professional crime at the same time. The fifth part, the mental patients enjoy the rights enjoyed by other citizens, their personal and property rights are protected by the law of our country. When the rights of life and health, personal liberty, reputation and other legal rights are seriously infringed in compulsory medical treatment, it is necessary to adapt to the criminal law of our country to regulate these acts. The main adaptable charges are the crime of abuse, the crime of mistreatment of the person under supervision. Intentional injury (homicide), medical malpractice, abandonment, illegal detention, illegal practice of medicine, but there are some problems in the application of some charges. The sixth part, according to the predicament mentioned above, analyzes the perfect method of the criminal law regulation of illegal act in compulsory medical treatment, and discusses the theoretical basis of criminalizing the serious illegal act. It also discusses the specific measures to legislate and criminalize the illegal behavior in compulsory medical treatment. In view of the shortcomings of the current legislation in regulating illegal acts in compulsory medical treatment, this part of the article puts forward the legislative conception of the crime of maltreatment, the crime of mistreatment of persons under supervision, the crime of medical malpractice, the crime of illegal detention and the crime of abandonment.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.3

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