我国代孕行为犯罪问题及其刑法应对

发布时间：2018-05-14 22:40

本文选题：代孕 + 刑法应对　；参考：《山东大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：科技是一把双刃剑,应用的好会造福千秋万代,而一旦被别有用心的人滥用,科技的危害也是不可估量的。代孕作为人工辅助生殖技术的一种也具有科技的这一两面属性。伴随着我国经济的飞速发展,人民生活水平显著提高,但与此同时经济过快、粗放发展带来的环境问题尚未解决,比如近期发生的雾霾等,严重的影响着国民的身体健康。再加上国民在社会转型期的压力、焦虑,我国育龄人群的不孕不育比例甚至达到了12.5%。代孕技术的不断完善,成功帮助众多不孕不育夫妇拥有了自己的孩子,然而我国行政规章明文规定：严禁任何形式的代孕。这一规定不仅没有阻挡住代孕的市场,反而催生了地下代孕市场,众多的代孕公司、代孕妈妈加入到这一行列,我国的代孕市场呈现出一片乱象。我国行政规章虽然明文规定禁止代孕,但是只规定了针对医疗机构及医务人员的行政处罚。虽然规定辅助生殖技术只能由医疗机构开展,但并未规定其他机构如开展辅助生殖技术该如何处罚。同时,我国刑法并无任何关于代孕犯罪的相关规定,总体来说,代孕的规制,不管是民法、行政法还是刑法都处于真空的状态。本文认为代孕作为人工辅助生殖技术的一种,其本身是合法合理的。我们不能因为一个技术存在滥用的可能性就全面否定其给人类带来的巨大福利。我国应该试着逐步放开对代孕的限制,学习英国等其他国家的做法,有限度的开放代孕。本文在我国全面禁止代孕的背景下作了一个大胆的假设,借鉴台湾针对代孕的最新规定假设我国允许开放委托代孕方男方的精子与委托代孕方女方的卵子形成受精卵的代孕行为、委托代孕方男方的精子与捐卵者的卵子形成受精卵的代孕行为及捐精者的精子与委托代孕方女方的卵子形成受精卵的代孕行为,并在此基础上探讨我国代孕涉及的犯罪问题。作者认为这种假设是十分有必要的。显而易见,全面禁止代孕并未有效的规制我国的代孕市场,我国未规定任何针对实施代孕的民间机构及个人的处罚性规定,不能不说是基于对现存代孕市场存在必要性的考虑。借鉴其他国家的做法,逐步放开代孕势在必行。代孕一旦有限度的放开其犯罪问题将变得更加严峻,急需我国刑法予以规制。本文共分五个部分,第一章探讨作为人工辅助生殖技术的代孕,基于辅助生殖技术的概念理解代孕的内涵、代孕的种类；第二章代孕行为刑事立法梳理,分别分析了美国、英国、法国及我国的代孕刑事立法。第三章我国代孕行为刑法应对的现实依据,分析了我国非法代孕行为刑法规制的不足、必要性和紧迫性。第四章分析我国代孕入罪的界限,分别研究了我国民众与学界对代孕行为的立法态度,并对划一性禁止代孕行为的立法态度从法理学、生命伦理学角度及我国现实情况进行了否定。第五章非法代孕罪及其犯罪构成,探讨了非法代孕罪的新设及其犯罪构成。
[Abstract]:Science and technology is a double-edged sword, the good application of the good will benefit thousands of generations, and once the abuse of the people with ulterior motives, the harm of science and technology is immeasurable. The environmental problems caused by the rapid economic development and extensive development have not been solved, such as the recent fog and haze, which seriously affect the health of the people. In addition, the pressure and anxiety of the people in the period of social transformation and anxiety, the proportion of infertility in the people of child-bearing age in our country even reached the continuous improvement of the 12.5%. technology, which successfully helped many infertility and infertility. The couple owns their own children, but the administrative rules and regulations of our country stipulate that no form of surrogate is strictly prohibited. This rule not only does not stop the market of surrogate, but has brought up the subsurface surrogate market, many surrogate companies, the surrogate mother joined the ranks, and the surrogate market in our country presents a mess. Although it stipulates the prohibition of surrogate, it only stipulates administrative penalties for medical institutions and medical personnel. Although it is stipulated that auxiliary reproductive technology can only be carried out by medical institutions, it does not stipulate how to punish other agencies such as assisted reproductive technology. At the same time, there is no relevant provisions concerning the crime of surrogate in the criminal law of our country. For example, the regulation of surrogacy, whether in civil law, administrative law or criminal law, is in a vacuum.
This article thinks that surrogate is a kind of artificial assisted reproductive technology. It is legitimate and reasonable. We can not completely deny the great welfare that it brings to mankind because of the possibility of abuse of a technology. We should try to liberate the restriction of surrogate, learn the practice of other countries such as Britain and other countries, and have a limited open surrogate. In this paper, a bold hypothesis is made under the background of the total prohibition of surrogate in China. It is assumed that the spermatozoon of the surrogate man and the egg of the principal surrogate woman are allowed to form the surrogate of the fertilized egg of the female side of the surrogate, and the sperm of the male of the surrogate man and the egg of the donor in Taiwan will be commissioned to form the fertilized egg. The behavior of surrogate and spermatozoon's spermatozoa and the surrogate behavior of the fertilized egg of the principal surrogate woman, and on the basis of this, discuss the crime related to the surrogate in our country. The author thinks this hypothesis is very necessary. It is obvious that the total prohibition of surrogate does not effectively regulate the surrogate market in our country. It is necessary to consider the necessity of the existing surrogate market, which is based on the provisions of the civil institutions and individuals for the implementation of the surrogacy. It is imperative to gradually release the surrogate by drawing on the practice of other countries.
This article is divided into five parts. The first chapter discusses the conception of surrogate as an artificial assisted reproductive technology, the concept of surrogate based on the concept of assisted reproductive technology, the type of surrogate; the second chapter of the criminal legislation of the act of surrogate, the criminal legislation of the United States, Britain, France and China respectively. The third chapter of the criminal law of our country's surrogate behavior On the basis of reality, this paper analyzes the insufficiency, necessity and urgency of the criminal law regulation of illegal surrogate behavior in China. The fourth chapter analyzes the boundary of the crime of surrogate entry in our country and studies the legislative attitude of the people and the academic circles on the act of surrogate in our country, and the legislative attitude of the demarcation on the prohibition of surrogate behavior from the jurisprudence, the bioethics angle and the present state of our country. The fifth chapter is about the crime of illegal surrogacy and its constitution. It also discusses the new crime of illegal surrogacy and its constitution of crime.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.3

【参考文献】