洗钱罪若干问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-16 23:25

本文选题：洗钱罪 + 犯罪构成要件　；参考：《贵州大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 近年来，毒品、走私、贪污等犯罪现象日趋猖獗，随之而来的是后续的洗钱行为所带来的影响逐渐扩大；所以，关于反洗钱的法律越来越受到全社会的关注。洗钱与洗钱罪是两个不同的概念，只有法律有规定的洗钱行为才可以构成洗钱罪。洗钱罪可以从主体、主观方面、客体、客观方面四个角度来考察。文章主要以我国反洗钱法律为基础，适当地引用了其他国家的法律与国际公约，说明如何把握洗钱罪。《中华人民共和国刑法》规定洗钱罪应“明知”是犯罪所得，但是在司法实践中，要证明被告人“明知”几乎是不可能的。间接故意只要求司法机关根据案件事实和证据材料得出行为人对于财产性质是“必须知道的”、“不可能不知道的”结论即可，所以间接故意应该构成洗钱罪。法律规定了负有反洗钱义务而没有履行的可以以不作为构成洗钱罪。洗钱罪与窝藏、转移、收购或者代为销售赃物罪类似；二者最大的区别在于后者的行为对象仅限于《刑法》规定惩治的任何犯罪的违法所得中的赃物，而不包括货币资金，而洗钱罪则只包括资金。如果连续实施洗钱行为，符合连续犯的构成特征，可以一罪从重处罚。向司法机关隐瞒上游犯罪所得的行为，构成洗钱罪的同时也可能构成伪证罪；如果洗钱行为已被定罪处罚，因“法律不能对同一行为重复评价”，则只能以洗钱罪定罪处罚，否则以两罪并罚。犯罪分子实施完上游犯罪后又洗钱的，因为其洗钱的故意是在原有故意基础上的扩充，对非法所得持积极追求态度，所以实施洗钱行为是实施一种新的犯罪行为，应以两罪并罚，否则容易导致罚不当罪。洗钱罪发展的新趋势是跨国洗钱，展开反洗钱的国际合作是非常有必要的。我国目前的反洗钱法律体系仍然有缺陷，需要进一步完善。只有完善的法律才能有效的打击洗钱犯罪，稳定金融秩序，，使社会健康协调的发展。
[Abstract]:In recent years, drugs, smuggling, corruption and other criminal phenomena become increasingly rampant, followed by the subsequent money laundering brought by the gradual expansion of the impact; therefore, the anti-money laundering laws are more and more concerned by the whole society. Money laundering and money laundering are two different concepts. The crime of money laundering can be examined from four angles: subject, subjective, object and objective. Based on the anti-money-laundering laws of our country, this paper cites the laws and international conventions of other countries and explains how to grasp the crime of money laundering. The Criminal Law of the people's Republic of China stipulates that the crime of money laundering should be "knowingly" the proceeds of the crime, but in judicial practice, it is almost impossible to prove that the defendant "knew". The indirect intention only requires the judicial organ to draw the conclusion that the perpetrator is "must know" about the nature of the property and "can't be unaware" according to the facts and evidence of the case, so indirect intent should constitute the crime of money laundering. The law stipulates that a crime of money laundering can be constituted by omission without fulfilling the obligation of anti-money laundering. The crime of money laundering is similar to the crime of harbouring, transferring, purchasing or selling stolen goods on behalf of others; the biggest difference between the two is that the object of the latter's conduct is limited to the stolen goods in the illegal proceeds of any crime punishable under the Criminal Law, and does not include monetary funds. The crime of money laundering only includes funds. If money laundering is carried out continuously, it can be punished severely. The concealment of proceeds of predicate offences from the judicial authorities constitutes a crime of money laundering and may also constitute a crime of perjury; if an act of money-laundering has been convicted and punished because "the law cannot repeatedly evaluate the same act", it can only be convicted and punished by the crime of money laundering. Otherwise, both crimes will be punished. After committing the predicate crime, the criminals launder money again, because their intention to launder money is an expansion on the basis of the original intention and a positive attitude towards illegal proceeds. Therefore, to carry out the money laundering act is to carry out a new criminal act. Two crimes should be punished together, otherwise it is easy to lead to punishment not to be punished. The new trend of the crime of money laundering is transnational money laundering, so it is necessary to carry out international cooperation in anti-money laundering. Our country's current anti-money-laundering legal system still has the flaw, needs to be further consummated. Only the perfect law can effectively crack down on the crime of money laundering, stabilize the financial order and make the society develop healthily and harmoniously.
【学位授予单位】：贵州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：D924.3

【参考文献】