以危险方法危害公共安全罪之相关问题探讨

发布时间：2018-05-17 13:41

本文选题：危险方法 + 公共安全　；参考：《中国海洋大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：通过对以危险方法危害公共安全罪的立法沿革、学理研究、实践应用等方面的考察,表明我国对该罪的立法尚不完善,理论观点尚未统一,适用范围不断扩大,有“口袋罪”之称。要准确认定该罪,首先要明确该罪在性质上属于具体的危险犯,在犯罪构成上要同时具备危险方法的危险相当性和公共安全的现实危险性两个核心要件。其中“危险方法”应按照同类解释的原则加以限定,即要求在性质和程度上与放火等危险的手段行为相当。“公共安全”应理解为不特定或多数人的生命、健康安全和公共生活的安全。不特定和多数人是并列关系而不是限定关系,“不特定”包含两层含义：一是侵犯的对象和可能造成的后果不特定；二是行为后果有随时向其他多数人转移的现实可能性。在司法实践中,认定“危险方法”和“公共安全”,要坚持主客观相统一的原则,重点考察行为的客观方面。同时,在准确把握犯罪构成的前提下,厘清犯罪诸多形态是题中应有之义。如果以发生严重后果为既遂条件,那么刑法第114条规定的情形就应当是该罪的未遂状态。然而,从罪状表述及内在联系看,两者属基本犯和结果加重犯的关系更具合理性,而在基本犯的框架内仍然存在中止、未遂等未完成形态。实践中,要根据刑法总则的有关规定,具体分析危险方法在具备相当性之前的不同发展阶段,以此来判断犯罪形态。该罪在司法实践中不断扩大适用的趋势使得有必要明确其适用规则,即从严格解释犯罪构成、立法上的完善和司法上的统一、规范行使法官自由裁量权等三个方面进行。在犯罪构成方面要坚持同类解释的原则,不能任意扩大解释;在立法方面要不断完善立法,司法上充分利用司法解释、案例指导等途径,加强对该类案件的指导,确保法律统一实施：在规范行使法官自由裁量权方面要通过提高法官职业素养、加强内外部的监督制约等措施保障法官的自由裁量权依法规范运行。
[Abstract]:Through the investigation of the legislative evolution, theoretical research and practical application of the crime of endangering public security by dangerous methods, it is shown that the legislation of this crime is not perfect, the theoretical viewpoint is not unified, and the scope of application is expanding. There is a "pocket crime" said. In order to accurately identify the crime, we must first make it clear that the crime belongs to the specific dangerous crime in nature, and that the constitution of the crime should have two core elements: the risk equivalence of the dangerous method and the realistic danger of the public safety at the same time. The "dangerous method" should be defined according to the principle of the same interpretation, that is, the nature and degree of the requirement is equal to that of the dangerous behavior such as arson. "Public safety" should be understood as the safety of life, health and public life without a specific or majority of people. "not specific" contains two meanings: first, the object of the violation and the possible consequences are not specific; second, the consequences of the behavior have the realistic possibility of transferring to the other majority at any time. In judicial practice, we should adhere to the principle of unity of subjectivity and objectivity and focus on the objective aspects of behavior in determining "dangerous methods" and "public safety". At the same time, on the premise of accurately grasping the constitution of crime, it is necessary to clarify many forms of crime. If the condition of accomplishment is the occurrence of serious consequences, the situation stipulated in Article 114 of the Criminal Law shall be the attempted state of the crime. However, the relationship between the two crimes is more reasonable from the point of view of the expression and the internal relation of the crime, and within the framework of the basic crime, there are still some unfinished forms, such as suspension, attempt and so on. In practice, according to the relevant provisions of the general principles of criminal law, it is necessary to analyze the different stages of the development of the dangerous methods before they possess the equivalence, so as to judge the form of the crime. The tendency of expanding the application of the crime in judicial practice makes it necessary to clarify its applicable rules, that is, from three aspects: strictly interpreting the constitution of the crime, perfecting the legislation and unifying the judicial system, and normalizing the exercise of the judge's discretion. We should adhere to the principle of the same interpretation in the constitution of crimes and should not expand the interpretation at will. In the legislative aspect, we should constantly improve legislation, make full use of judicial interpretation, guide cases, and strengthen the guidance of this kind of cases. To ensure the uniform implementation of the law: in the aspect of normalizing the exercise of the judge's discretion, we should ensure the judge's discretion to run in accordance with the law by improving the judge's professional quality and strengthening the internal and external supervision and restriction.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.3

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