非法采砂行为的刑法规制研究

发布时间：2018-05-17 15:44

本文选题：非法采砂 + 行政处罚　；参考：《辽宁大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：非法采砂行为是指,在尚未获得有关主管机关批准,获得采砂许可证的情况下,或者虽然取得采砂许可证但是超范围或在禁采区、禁采期,擅自获取砂子资源的行为。伴随着中国特色社会主义市场经济的迅速发展,建筑行业的迅速崛起,为建设用砂创造了广泛的市场需求,砂石这一重要的建设物资已成为紧缺资源,导致市场价格也持续走高。与此同时,砂石被大量出口到港澳台和日、韩等国,在这种情况下更加剧了供需之间的矛盾。一些单位和个人面对巨大的利益诱惑开始从事非法采砂行为,砂子资源的滥采滥挖现象日益严重,不法采砂活动十分猖狂。砂石资源是一种重要的非金属矿产资源,但是在司法实践中对其并没有像其他矿产资源一样得到很好的保护。近年来,在各地经常发生非法获取砂子资源的行为,非法采砂现象十分严重,由此带来的危害后果尤为严重。不仅对堤防安全、航道安全产生严重影响,还会严重危害生态环境产生一系列社会问题。但在司法实践中,对砂子等非金属矿产的破坏,却常常被大多数人所忽略,尤其是未能得到执法人员的足够重视。对于非法采砂这一违法行为的处理,最常见的是处理方式是行政处罚。行政处罚中最常见的处理方式是罚款,而罚款数额的额度和非法采砂行为带来的暴利相差甚远。行政制裁手段的方式和力度较为轻缓,无法对被制裁者以及社会公众形成有效的心理威慑。同时,针对严重的非法采砂行为,刑罚手段规定不明确、不具有操作性,行政处罚和刑事处罚存在衔接障碍。鉴于此,以类型化的方法为指导,完善对于非法采砂案件行政处罚和刑事处罚的衔接模式,并在此基础上建议设立非法采砂罪,实属必要。本文主要从三个方面对非法采砂行为进行刑法规制展开详细论述:第一部分:非法采砂行为的规制困境。包括对非法采砂行为进行界定、行政处罚与刑事处罚存在的衔接障碍、以刑事责任追究非法采砂行为罪名选择存在的分歧。这一部分是展开理论论述的前提。第二部分:非法采砂行为行政处罚和刑事处罚衔接障碍的解决。这一部分主要针对行政处罚和刑事处罚的衔接模式选择进行论述,确定衔接模式并完善衔接机制,减少司法实践中“以罚代刑”问题的发生。第三部分:非法采砂行为的刑事立法建议。在这部分通过论证设立非法采砂罪的必要性和可行性,建议在刑法分则体系中设立非法采砂罪,以期运用刑罚手段解决非法采砂乱象。
[Abstract]:Illegal sand mining behavior refers to the behavior of obtaining sand resources without the approval of relevant authorities and obtaining sand mining permits, or obtaining sand mining permits in excess of the scope or in the prohibited mining area or in the period of mining ban. With the rapid development of the socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics and the rapid rise of the construction industry, the construction sand has created extensive market demand. Sand and stone, an important construction material, has become a scarce resource. As a result, market prices continue to rise. At the same time, the sand is exported to Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, Japan, South Korea and other countries, which exacerbates the contradiction between supply and demand. Some units and individuals began to engage in illegal sand mining in the face of huge profit temptation. The phenomenon of excessive mining and excessive excavation of sand resources is becoming more and more serious and illegal sand mining activities are rampant. Sand and stone resource is an important non-metallic mineral resource, but it has not been well protected as other mineral resources in judicial practice. In recent years, illegal acquisition of sand resources often occurs in various places, the phenomenon of illegal sand mining is very serious, and the harmful consequences are especially serious. Not only the safety of levees and waterways will be seriously affected, but also a series of social problems will be seriously harmful to the ecological environment. However, in the judicial practice, the destruction of non-metallic minerals such as sand is often ignored by most people, especially the law enforcement personnel do not pay enough attention to it. The most common way to deal with illegal sand mining is administrative punishment. The most common way to deal with administrative punishment is fine, and the amount of penalty is far from the huge profits caused by illegal sand mining. The way and intensity of administrative sanctions are relatively gentle, which can not form an effective psychological deterrent to the sanctioned persons and the public. At the same time, according to the serious illegal sand mining behavior, the penalty method is not clear and operational, and the administrative punishment and the criminal punishment have the connection obstacle. In view of this, it is necessary to perfect the linking mode of administrative punishment and criminal punishment for illegal sand mining cases under the guidance of the typological method, and on the basis of which, it is necessary to propose the establishment of illegal sand mining crime. This paper mainly discusses the regulation of illegal sand mining from three aspects: the first part: the regulation of illegal sand mining dilemmas. Including the definition of illegal sand mining behavior, administrative punishment and criminal punishment of the link obstacles, criminal responsibility for illegal sand mining behavior of the choice of differences. This part is the premise of the theoretical discussion. The second part: the solution of administrative punishment and criminal punishment of illegal sand mining. This part mainly discusses the choice of the linking mode of administrative punishment and criminal punishment, determines the cohesive mode and consummates the connection mechanism, and reduces the occurrence of the problem of "substitute punishment with punishment" in judicial practice. The third part: the criminal legislation suggestion of illegal sand mining. In this part, the necessity and feasibility of establishing the crime of illegal sand mining are demonstrated, and it is suggested that the crime of illegal sand mining should be established in the system of criminal law, in order to solve the disorder of illegal sand mining by means of punishment.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D924.3

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