容隐制度在我国刑事领域的现代化

发布时间：2018-05-18 04:05

本文选题：亲亲相隐 + 容隐制度　；参考：《吉林大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：容隐制度，又称“亲属相容隐”、“亲亲得相首匿”，是我国法制史上一项重要的法律制度。该制度是指，一定范围的亲属成员之间不得主动告发彼此的犯罪行为，否则告发者将会被追究其刑事责任。容隐制度在我国历史上盛行两千余年，集法律、伦理、人情于一体，在维护统治阶级权威的同时，还体现了刑事法律尊重人性、体恤亲情的价值蕴含。容隐制度萌芽于西周，在秦朝初步法律化。汉宣帝地节四年(公元前66年)正式下诏确定容隐制度的合法性。唐代完善了容隐制度的规定，扩大了容隐的范围，然后一直发展至清末。然而，自鸦片战争开始，中国封建社会受到了西方各种文化的冲击，容隐制度被视为封建法律文化的糟粕，逐渐湮灭于历史尘埃之中。改革开放以来，中国的法制建设取得了举世公认的成就。在向西方学习的同时，中国开始重新审视传统法律文化，对古代盛行的容隐制度进行一定程度上的思考和借鉴，同本国国情和历史相结合，制定出了一部分更加人性化的法律条文，体现了古代传统法律制度在中国现代刑事法律领域的回归。如1997年刑法修订之后，最高人民法院颁布的《关于审理抢劫刑事案件适用法律若干问题的意见》和《关于审理盗窃案件具体应用法律若干问题的解释》，对发生在家庭成员之间的轻微的抢劫行为和盗窃行为，一般不以抢劫罪和盗窃罪定罪处罚，这给了家庭成员容隐这两类轻微犯罪行为的权利；而最具代表性的应是2012年刑事诉讼法第二次修改时增加的第188条第1款的规定，它给予了一定范围的近亲属免于出庭作证的权利，让我们看到了容隐制度在刑事领域全面回归的希望，是此次刑事诉讼法修改的一大亮点和突破。尽管如此，我国现有的刑事领域中关于容隐制度的规定较之古代容隐制度，仍是相差甚远，其在主体、行为方式等方面均没有古代容隐制度那样广泛，现代法条规定也比较粗糙，不像古代那样系统、详细，但是二者注重亲情、关怀人性的宗旨是一样的。由于对容隐制度缺乏深刻的研究，纵观当下我国的整个刑法体系，体现以上制度的法律条文寥若晨星，而且其制定出的现行条款过于零散，仍存在一些问题，不能完全体现容隐制度体恤亲情、关怀人性的宗旨。如刑法中的窝藏、包庇罪、伪证罪等这类罪名的主体是一般主体，并未考虑到亲属主体的特殊情况；刑事诉讼法中新增的第188条关于免除配偶、父母、子女之间强制出庭义务的规定，主体范围比较狭窄，且内容比较片面，仍有较多的不足之处。基于上述考虑，本文从我国古代盛行的容隐制度入手，细致阐述了其发展过程，在此基础上总结出它的发展规律。接着分析了容隐制度的古今价值，表明了容隐制度在刑事领域的现代化是当今刑事法律改革的迫切任务。然后概括了容隐制度在我国刑事法领域的体现和不足，最后在实体和程序方面上给出相应的立法建议，，希望能早日在刑事领域找到更多体恤亲情的法律。
[Abstract]:It is an important legal system in the history of China's legal system that the system of concealment is an important legal system in the history of China's legal system. This system means that a certain range of relatives may not voluntarily commit a crime to each other, otherwise the whistle blower will be investigated for its criminal responsibility. The concealment system prevails in the history of our country for more than two thousand years. Integrating law, ethics and human feelings, while maintaining the authority of the ruling class, it also embodies the value implication of criminal law respecting human nature and compassionate family ties.
The system of concealment had sprout in the Western Zhou Dynasty and initially legalized the Qin Dynasty. Four years (66 B.C.), the emperor of Han Xuan Di was formally established to determine the legality of the concealment system. The Tang Dynasty perfected the provisions of the concealment system, expanded the scope of the concealment, and then developed to the end of the Qing Dynasty. However, since the war of Opium War, the feudal society of China has been subjected to a variety of Western cultures. The system of concealment was regarded as the dross of the feudal legal culture and was gradually annihilated in the dust of history. Since the reform and opening up, China's legal construction has achieved universally recognized achievements. While learning from the west, China began to reexamine the traditional legal culture and thought to a certain extent on the prevailing system of concealment and concealment in ancient times. With reference to the national conditions and history of the country, a part of the more humanized legal provisions has been formulated, which embodies the return of the ancient traditional legal system in the field of modern Chinese criminal law. For example, after the revision of the criminal law in 1997, the Supreme People's Court issued a number of opinions on the application of laws on the application of law on the trial of robbery and punishment cases. The explanation of the specific application of the law on theft cases, the minor robbery and theft occurring among family members, is generally not convicted of robbery and theft, which gives family members the right to concealment of these two types of minor offences; and the most representative is the criminal procedure law of 2012 second. The provisions of the 188th first paragraphs increased in the time of the revision, which gave a certain range of close relatives from the right to testify in court, and let us see the hope of the full return of the concealment system in the criminal field, which is a major highlight and breakthrough in the amendment of the criminal procedure law.
In spite of this, the provisions on the concealment system in the current criminal field in our country are still far from the ancient concealment system, and there are no ancient concealment systems in the main body and the way of behavior. The provisions of the modern law are also relatively rough, unlike the ancient system and the details, but the two ones pay attention to their affection and care for human nature. The purpose is the same.
Because of the lack of deep research on the system of concealment and the whole criminal system in China, there are few legal provisions reflecting the above system, and the existing provisions are too scattered, and there are still some problems, which can not fully reflect the tenet of the system of concealment and human nature, such as the harbouring, harbouring, and false in criminal law. The main body of such crimes, such as the crime of proof, is the general subject, and does not take into account the special circumstances of the subject of the relatives; the 188th new provisions in the criminal procedure law are relatively narrow in the scope of the compulsory appearance of the spouse, parents and children, and the contents of the subject are relatively narrow, and there are still many shortcomings.
Based on the above considerations, this paper, starting with the prevailing system of concealment in ancient China, elaborated its development process and summed up its development law on this basis, then analyzed the ancient and modern values of the system of concealment, indicating that the modernization of the concealment system in the criminal field is an urgent task for the reform of the criminal law. In the field of criminal law in China, the system is inadequately represented and inadequate. Finally, the relevant legislative proposals are given in the aspects of substantive and procedural aspects. We hope to find more laws to be sympathized in the criminal field as soon as possible.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.1

【参考文献】