论公民个人信息权的刑事法律保护

发布时间：2018-05-20 21:52

本文选题：公民个人信息权 + 刑事法律　；参考：《大连海事大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：近期以来,随着我国经济突飞猛进和网络信息技术的普遍提高,公民个人的信息权保护面临严峻的挑战。针对老百姓的个人信息侵权的违法犯罪活动呈上升趋势,公民个人信息侵权违法犯罪活动日益猖獗,一些机构、企业和个人,将在本部门日常履行工作职责过程中接触到的或者办理服务业务流程中非法窃取的公民个人信息转交或贩卖给他人或不法商贩,而犯罪嫌疑人则通过多种途径或方法进行数据买卖,以此牟取暴利。这种行为既侵犯了公民的人身权利和民主权利,又极易诱发多种下游犯罪,严重危及老百姓的安全感,威胁社会和谐稳定。虽然在2009年新修订的《中华人民共和国刑法修正案(七)》中,增加了“出售、非法提供公民个人信息罪”和“非法获取公民个人信息罪”等相关条文,但在司法实践中公民个人信息侵权行为却有愈演愈烈的趋势。而在这当中存在的罪名设立与刑罚配置不足,立案标准不明,犯罪主体不明确等等现状既严重影响了执法公信力,又对公民个人信息安全的有效保护和监管造成了诸多困惑。所以笔者希望通过此文对公民个人信息的概念重新进行阐述,对公民个人信息侵权现状进行归纳,深入分析我国现行刑事法律对公民个人信息权保护的不足,借鉴国外先进经验方法,从而提出适合我国国情的健全公民个人信息权刑事法律保护的对策建议,最后达到规范收集、使用公民个人信息的目的,切实维护公民的合法权益。本文由五大部分组成,第一部分是对公民个人信息权及刑事法律保护进行概述,包括公民个人信息权的概述,公民个人信息侵权现状分析等内容。第二部分是对侵犯公民个人信息权违法与犯罪界定进行简要分析。分成公民个人信息侵权违法与犯罪界定的法律依据；违法的认定；犯罪的认定等三个板块,最后引申出公民个人信息侵权犯罪的构成要件。第三部分是对我国现行刑事法律对公民个人信息权保护的不足进行分析,通过罪名设立与刑罚配置不足；立案标准不明；犯罪主体不明确；定罪量刑没有统一标准：对单位犯罪处罚较少；调查取证困难等六大方面进行阐述归纳。第四部分是从大陆法系及英美法系出发,对国外关于公民个人信息权刑事法律保护的立法、先进手段等方面进行经验借鉴。第五部分是提出完善公民个人信息权刑事法律保护制度的建议,这是本文的最终落脚点。通过出台司法解释统一立案标准；科学设置法定刑；适当扩大犯罪主体范围；强化刑事司法与行政执法部门的协调配合等途径,找到适合我国国情的刑事法律保护对策,完善相关法律体系,找到切实可行的措施,达到全面综合系统保护公民个人信息权的目的。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of our economy and the general improvement of network information technology, the protection of citizens' right to information is facing severe challenges. The illegal and criminal activities aimed at the personal information infringement of the common people are on the rise, and the illegal and criminal activities of the citizens' personal information infringement are increasingly rampant. Some institutions, enterprises and individuals, To transfer or sell to others or illegal vendors the personal information of citizens who come into contact with them in the course of carrying out their duties and duties on a daily basis or illegally steal in the service business process, The suspect through a variety of ways or methods to buy and sell data, in order to make huge profits. This kind of behavior not only infringes citizens' personal and democratic rights, but also easily induces a variety of downstream crimes, seriously endangers the people's sense of security and threatens social harmony and stability. Although in the revised Criminal Law Amendment (7) of the people's Republic of China in 2009, relevant articles such as "the crime of selling and illegally providing citizens' personal information" and "the crime of illegally obtaining personal information of citizens" have been added. But in the judicial practice, the citizen's personal information infringement has the tendency of becoming more and more serious. However, the existing situation of crime establishment and penalty allocation is insufficient, the standard of filing a case is not clear, the subject of crime is not clear and so on, which not only seriously affect the credibility of law enforcement, but also cause a lot of confusion to the effective protection and supervision of citizens' personal information security. Therefore, the author hopes to re-elaborate the concept of citizen's personal information through this article, sum up the current situation of citizen's personal information infringement, and deeply analyze the deficiency of the current criminal law of our country to protect the citizen's personal information right. Drawing on the advanced experience and methods of foreign countries, this paper puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions to perfect the criminal legal protection of citizens' personal information right, which is suitable for the national conditions of our country, and finally achieves the purpose of standardizing collection, using citizen's personal information, and practically safeguarding the citizens' legitimate rights and interests. This paper is composed of five parts. The first part is an overview of citizens' personal information rights and criminal legal protection, including the overview of citizens' personal information rights, the analysis of the status quo of citizens' personal information infringement and so on. The second part is a brief analysis on the definition of violation and crime of citizen's right to personal information. It is divided into three parts: the legal basis of the definition of violation of law and crime of citizen's personal information infringement; the identification of violation of law; the identification of crime; finally, the constitutive elements of the crime of citizen's personal information infringement are extended. The third part is the analysis of the current criminal law of our country on the protection of citizens' right to personal information, through the establishment of charges and inadequate allocation of penalties; the standard of filing the case is unclear; the subject of the crime is not clear; There is no uniform standard for conviction and sentencing: less punishment for unit crime, difficulty in investigation and evidence collection, etc. The fourth part is from the continental law system and the Anglo-American legal system to the foreign countries on the criminal law protection of the right to personal information legislation, advanced means and other aspects of experience. The fifth part is the suggestion of perfecting the criminal legal protection system of citizen's personal information right, which is the final point of this article. By introducing the unified standard of judicial interpretation, setting up the legal punishment scientifically, expanding the scope of the subject of crime appropriately, strengthening the coordination and cooperation between the criminal judicature and the administrative law enforcement department and so on, we can find out the countermeasures of the criminal law protection suitable for the national conditions of our country. Improve the relevant legal system, find practical measures to achieve the purpose of comprehensive and comprehensive protection of citizens' right to personal information.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.3

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