脱逃罪的理论与实践问题再探讨

发布时间：2018-05-21 19:11

本文选题：脱逃罪 + 主体　；参考：《华东政法大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：脱逃罪的发生给社会带来了潜在的社会危害性，同时也是严重影响司法机关权威的行为。脱逃罪的主体定义随着经济的发展而不断的变化，笔者结合理论和学界中主要的争议问题，对该罪的主体资格进行详细论述。同时，对实践中超期羁押的、无罪的以及保外就医的行为人能不能成为适格主体的问题进行了详细的分析与解读。脱逃罪只能由故意，且直接故意构成，对于脱逃罪的犯罪目的，则无需以永久性脱离监管为目的。脱逃罪的客观方面由行为、时间和空间要素构成。其中行为要素根据不同的行为方式可以分为暴力性脱逃和非暴力性脱逃、秘密式脱逃和公开式脱逃、单独脱逃和共同脱逃；对违反法定义务的离所探亲和保外就医的罪犯应当以脱逃罪论处。时间要素即当行为人具有犯罪嫌疑人身份时，其所实施的逃离行为可以定义为脱逃行为；空间要素未必要限定在固定的羁押场所，而应当有所扩延。对脱逃罪既遂与未遂的标准应当以行为人是否摆脱了司法机关工作人员对其的实力支配为准；脱逃罪的中止应当从主观方面的自动性和客观方面的有效性来认定；脱逃罪的犯罪预备主要是从准备工具和制造条件二方面来把握。脱逃罪相似罪名之间的关系（组织越狱罪、破坏监管秩序罪、战时临阵脱逃罪、暴动越狱罪以及私放在押人员罪）。共同犯罪中，非特殊主体只能构成脱逃罪的帮助犯或教唆犯。对脱逃罪追诉时效的问题，应当遵照刑法的相关规定，以十年为追诉时效。最后，从脱逃罪的重新定义、增设开放式限制或剥夺人身自由者为脱逃罪以及法条完善三个角度，对脱逃罪的立法提出进一步完善的建议。
[Abstract]:The occurrence of escape crime brings potential social harm to the society, and it is also a serious influence on the authority of the judiciary. The definition of the subject of escape crime changes with the development of economy. The author discusses the subject qualification of the crime in detail in combination with the theory and the main controversial issues in academic circles. At the same time, the author makes a detailed analysis and interpretation of the problem that the extended detention, the innocent person and the person seeking medical treatment outside the prison can be considered as the appropriate subject in practice. The crime of escape can only be constituted by intent and direct intent, but for the purpose of escaping from supervision, there is no need to permanently break away from supervision. The objective aspect of escape crime consists of action, time and space. The behavioral elements can be divided into violent escape and non-violent escape, secret escape and open escape, single escape and joint escape. Offenders who violate their legal obligations to visit relatives and seek medical treatment outside prison shall be punished as escape. The time element is that when the perpetrator has the identity of the criminal suspect, the escape behavior can be defined as the escape behavior; the space element is not necessarily limited to the fixed place of detention, but should be extended. The criterion of accomplished and attempted escape crime should be based on whether the perpetrator got rid of the power of the judicial staff, and the suspension of escape crime should be determined from subjective automatism and objective validity. The crime preparation of escape crime is mainly grasped from two aspects: preparation tools and manufacturing conditions. The relationship between the similar charges of escaping from prison (the crime of organizing the prison, the crime of breaking the supervision order, the crime of escaping in wartime, the crime of insurrection over the prison and the crime of private release of the detainees). In the joint crime, the non-special subject can only constitute the aider or abettor of escape crime. The limitation of prosecution for the crime of escape should follow the relevant provisions of criminal law and take ten years as the limitation of prosecution. Finally, from the redefinition of the crime of escape, the author puts forward further suggestions on the legislation of the crime of escape from the three angles of open restriction or deprivation of personal liberty for the crime of escape and the perfection of the law.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.3

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