危险驾驶罪及其立法完善研究

发布时间：2018-06-02 16:46

本文选题：危险驾驶罪 + 抽象危险犯　；参考：《山东科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：危险驾驶罪的增设,对于维护道路交通安全和人民生命、财产安全具有十分重要的意义,使民众的交通规范意识大大增强;是我国刑事立法不断完善过程中又一具有现实意义的跨越,凸显了刑法的保护功能,实现了刑法对危险驾驶行为的提前介入,与国际刑事立法前置性保护的趋势相吻合。现行危险驾驶罪的法律条文表述过于简单,理论界和实务界对于危险驾驶罪的主观方面、出罪机制、主体以及对于“醉酒”、“追逐竞驶”、“情节恶劣”、“严重超速、超载”等的理解存在较大争议,危险驾驶罪行为类型范围过于狭窄,缺乏结果犯和结果加重犯的规定,法定刑种类单一。风险刑法理论和抽象危险犯理论为危险驾驶行为的入罪提供了理论支撑。从法律特征上分析,危险驾驶罪的性质应为抽象危险犯。客观方面,“追逐竞驶”与“飚车”并不是同一概念,二者的外延存在交叉关系,“飚车”的本质是为寻求刺激高速疾驶,而“追逐竞驶”的本质是以危险的方式竞争行驶;现行“醉酒”的客观标准是可行的,因为法律应具有普适性和确定性,“醉酒”型危险驾驶罪虽然没有情节限制,但仍适用刑法第13条“但书”的规定,这样能体现我国犯罪成立条件中质与量的统一,体现“宽严相济”的刑事政策和刑法的谦抑性精神,体现刑法总则精神对于分则的指导作用;刑法中“严重超速”与“严重超载”的认定应结合实际综合分析,注意与行政法规中标准的衔接。主观方面应认定为过失,这样既符合立法原意,也有利于刑法体系的协调,而且过失危险犯在我国存在具有合理性。立法完善方面,“毒驾”行为应纳入危险驾驶罪之中,“毒驾”具有严重的社会危害性,而现有制裁“毒驾”的法律、法规显得苍白无力,加之“毒驾”的检测技术日趋完善,“毒驾”入刑势在必行。危险驾驶罪应增设结果犯和结果加重犯的情形,单纯的危险犯处1年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金;造成轻伤以下结果或者使公私财产遭受较大损失的,处1年以上3年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金;造成他人重伤或者使公私财产遭受重大损失的,处3年以上10年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金;致人死亡或者情节特别恶劣的处10年以上有期徒刑、无期徒刑,并处罚金;附加刑方面应增设资格刑。
[Abstract]:The establishment of the crime of dangerous driving is of great significance to the maintenance of road traffic safety, people's lives and property safety, and makes the people's awareness of traffic regulation greatly enhanced. It is another leap with practical significance in the process of perfecting criminal legislation in our country, which highlights the protection function of criminal law, realizes the advance intervention of criminal law to dangerous driving behavior, and coincides with the trend of preemptive protection of international criminal legislation. The current legal provisions of the crime of dangerous driving are too simple, and the theoretical and practical circles are concerned with the subjective aspects of the crime of dangerous driving, the mechanism of crime, the subject and the "drunk", "chasing race driving", "bad circumstances", "serious speeding", The understanding of "overload" is controversial, the range of dangerous driving crime is too narrow, the provisions of resultant crime and consequential aggravated crime are lacking, and the legal punishment is single. The theory of risk criminal law and the theory of abstract dangerous crime provide theoretical support for the criminalization of dangerous driving behavior. From the legal characteristics, the nature of dangerous driving crime should be abstract dangerous crime. Objectively speaking, "chasing race driving" and "racing car" are not the same concept. The extension of the two concepts has an intersecting relationship. The essence of "racing" is to seek to stimulate high-speed driving, while the essence of "chasing race driving" is to drive in a dangerous way. The present objective criterion of "drunkenness" is feasible because the law should be universal and deterministic. Although the crime of "drunken" dangerous driving has no circumstances restriction, it still applies the proviso of Article 13 of the Criminal Law. This can reflect the unity of the quality and quantity of the conditions for the establishment of crime in our country, the criminal policy of "combining leniency with severity" and the modest spirit of the criminal law, and the guiding role of the spirit of the general principles of criminal law to the specific provisions; The identification of "serious overspeed" and "serious overload" in criminal law should be combined with practical comprehensive analysis and pay attention to the connection with the standard in administrative regulations. The subjective aspect should be regarded as negligence, which is not only in line with the legislative intent, but also conducive to the coordination of the criminal law system, and the existence of negligent dangerous crime in our country is reasonable. In terms of legislation perfection, "drug driving" should be included in the crime of dangerous driving. "drug driving" has serious social harmfulness. However, the existing laws and regulations on "drug driving" appear to be feeble, and the detection technology of "drug driving" is becoming more and more perfect. Drug driving is imperative. "the crime of dangerous driving shall be subject to the addition of a consequential crime and an aggravated consequential crime, and a simple dangerous crime shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than one year and shall also be sentenced to a fine; those who cause minor injuries to the following results or who cause greater losses to public and private property," He shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than one year and not more than three years and concurrently be sentenced to a fine; if he causes serious injury to another person or causes heavy losses to public or private property, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years and not more Those who cause death or the circumstances are especially bad shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than 10 years, life imprisonment and a fine; additional penalties shall be added to the qualification penalty.
【学位授予单位】：山东科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D924.3

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