无需量刑指南:德国量刑制度的经验与启示

发布时间：2018-06-13 21:36

本文选题：刑事制裁体系 + 量刑原则　；参考：《法律科学(西北政法大学学报)》2015年04期

【摘要】：为了克服量刑偏差和量刑失衡问题,英美国家和我国都建立了量刑指南制度,但在德国却不存在与此类似的制度。德国的刑事制裁体系为法官预留了较大的自由裁量权,这主要体现在法定刑的范围比较宽泛,保安监禁的期限也不太确定。虽然《德国刑法典》规定了量刑的基本原则,但这一原则非常抽象。幅的理论试图将刑法典规定的量刑原则具体化,但仍然不具有可操作性。因此,德国的量刑制度似乎潜藏着严苛和失衡的巨大风险。但是,最近40多年德国量刑实务表明,其并未陷入量刑严苛或量刑不均的泥沼,而是呈现出明显的量刑轻缓化和量刑均衡化。这种量刑轻缓化和均衡化的现象,主要得益于德国的历史传统和政治结构、司法与政治的适度分离、司法机关内部的量刑机制、上诉法院的量刑审查以及保安监禁的安全阀功能。德国的经验说明,即使在没有量刑指南的情况下,量刑轻缓与量刑均衡仍然是可以实现的。我国量刑规范化的实现,除了需要完善量刑指南和量刑程序以外,还应当像德国那样重视支撑量刑体系的制度环境。
[Abstract]:In order to overcome the problem of sentencing bias and unbalance of sentencing, British and American countries and China have established sentencing guidelines system, but there is no similar system in Germany. The criminal sanction system in Germany has reserved greater discretion for judges, which is mainly reflected in the broad scope of statutory punishment and the uncertainty of the term of security imprisonment. Although the German Penal Code provides the basic principle of sentencing, but this principle is very abstract. The theory attempts to concretize the principle of sentencing stipulated in the Criminal Code, but it is still not operable. As a result, Germany's sentencing system seems to have a huge risk of rigour and imbalance. However, the practice of sentencing in Germany over the past 40 years shows that it is not in the mire of severe or uneven sentencing, but shows obvious penalty mitigation and balance. This phenomenon of light and balanced sentencing is mainly due to the historical tradition and political structure of Germany, the moderate separation between the judiciary and politics, and the sentencing mechanism within the judicial organs. Sentencing review by the Court of Appeal and the safety valve function of security custody. Germany's experience shows that even without sentencing guidelines, a balance between mitigation and sentencing can be achieved. In addition to perfecting sentencing guidelines and sentencing procedures, the realization of sentencing standardization in our country should pay more attention to the institutional environment supporting sentencing system as Germany.
【作者单位】：北京大学法学院;
【分类号】：D951.6;DD914

【参考文献】