紧急避险中生命权冲突问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-19 14:11

本文选题：紧急避险 + 生命权　；参考：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：从想象中的"卡纳安德斯之板",到著名的"国王诉达勒和史蒂芬案",紧急避险中的生命权冲突问题一直是国外学界争论不休的焦点。关于生命权能否作为紧急避险的客体,是全世界有关于这方面研究的学者都不得不作出选择的问题,但直到目前为止,这种争论还在持续。紧急避险中生命权冲突问题也一直是我国学界讨论的热点和实践中的难点问题。我国在紧急避险的理论和立法研究均存在不足,不足以解决日益多发的生命权紧急避险问题的认定。我国刑法对于紧急避险客体描述的灵活性和开放性给学者们留下了广阔的解释空间,但也为司法实践中的应用带来了不小的麻烦。我国之前的生命权冲突案例无一不是以故意杀人罪审结,但是随着经济社会的不停发展,各种各样情况各异的案件层出不穷,仅仅坚持之前的通说观点,认定生命权不能作为紧急避险的客体从而对生命权紧急避险行为一律以故意杀人罪审结,显然是不合适的。本文拟从紧急避险中生命权冲突的法律性质认识入手,通过国内外经典的生命权紧急避险冲突案例,进行细致的分类分析,进而得到一种系统的观点和判断方法。最后论述生命权紧急避险冲突问题应用到实践中的巨大意义和适用方法。本文分为四章,具体如下:前言。具体介绍紧急避险中生命权冲突的选题背景、选题意义、文献综述和研究方法等。第一章,紧急避险中生命权问题的法律性质,紧急避险中的生命权问题,分析在紧急的情况下,与生命权冲突的法律问题性质,何为违法阻却事由说、责任阻却事由说和区分说,以及笔者个人观点。第二章,紧急避险中生命权冲突问题的类型化考察。对一对一情况下、一对多情况下和被迫行为中紧急避险生命权冲突的不同案件进行分类罗列,并且在每种案件下都作出了自己的分析评价。第三章,从司法的角度出发,分析紧急避险生命权之间的冲突问题,把案例分为两部分讨论:攻击性紧急避险和防御性紧急避险两种情况来对实践中的生命权紧急避险行为进行认定。第四章,紧急避险中生命权冲突的立法完善。通过对国内目前的法律以及司法上的规定对生命权作为紧急避险客体问题探讨的价值和意义,倡导完善我国刑法分则中关于生命权紧急避险的规定并且对紧急避险中生命权的运用严格限制。
[Abstract]:From the imaginary "board of Kananders" to the famous case of King v. Dale and Stephen, the conflict of the right to life in emergency avoidance has always been the focus of debate in foreign academic circles. Whether the right to life can be regarded as the object of emergency risk is a question that scholars all over the world have to choose, but until now, this kind of debate is still going on. The conflict of the right to life in emergency avoidance has always been a hot topic in academic circles and a difficult problem in practice. The theoretical and legislative research on emergency risk avoidance in our country is insufficient to solve the increasingly frequent problem of emergency risk avoidance in the right to life. The flexibility and openness of the description of the object of emergency avoidance in criminal law of our country leave the scholars with wide interpretation space, but it also brings great trouble to the application of judicial practice. All previous cases of conflict over the right to life in our country were adjudicated on the crime of intentional homicide. However, with the continuous development of economic and social life, various cases of different circumstances emerge in endlessly, and they only adhere to the general view of the past. It is obviously inappropriate to decide that the right to life cannot be regarded as the object of emergency risk avoidance and that all acts of emergency risk avoidance of the right to life should be judged by intentional homicide. This paper begins with the understanding of the legal nature of the conflict of the right to life in the course of emergency shelter, and through the classic cases of the conflict of the right to life at home and abroad, makes a detailed classification and analysis, and then obtains a systematic viewpoint and judgment method. Finally, it discusses the great significance and applicable method of applying the problem of right to life to practice. This article is divided into four chapters, as follows: preface. The background, significance, literature review and research methods of the right to life conflict in emergency risk avoidance are introduced. The first chapter, the legal nature of the right to life in emergency risk avoidance, the analysis of the nature of the legal problem in conflict with the right to life in emergency situations, what is the reason for the violation of the law? The theory of responsibility and the difference of reasons, as well as the personal views of the author. The second chapter is about the typology of the conflict of the right to life in the emergency avoidance. In one case, different cases of emergency right to life conflict in one-to-many situations and forced acts are classified, and their own analysis and evaluation are made in each case. The third chapter, from the perspective of justice, analyzes the conflict between the right to life, The case is divided into two parts: aggressive emergency and defensive emergency to identify the practice of the right to life emergency risk. The fourth chapter, the legislation perfection of the right to life conflict in the emergency avoidance. The value and significance of the right to life as an urgent object of refuge through the current domestic laws and judicial provisions, It advocates the perfection of the provisions on the right to life and the application of the right to life in the criminal law.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D924.1

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