从传统社会杀人罪到当代刑法杀人罪的演变

发布时间：2018-06-22 23:33

本文选题：传统社会 + 当今社会　；参考：《山东大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：“杀人偿命”是一个朴素而且广为人知的道理,这一观念显示人们对于人命的高度重视。就传统社会而言,杀人罪的历史源远流长。回溯历史,我们发现,传统社会存在以“六杀”为代表的杀人犯罪,即谋杀、故杀、斗杀、误杀、戏杀和过失杀。古人的某些见解对于今人的理论学习与实践活动不无启迪意义。当今人谈起故意杀人罪时,往往仅仅提及“杀人”二字,而不及其余。即使刑法条文,似乎也仅仅只有一个故意杀人罪,而没有西方国家所设置的溺婴罪、得承诺杀人罪等特殊的杀人犯罪。另外,刑法条文中的致人死亡的放火罪等犯罪、致人死亡的抢劫罪和遗弃罪,均带有故意杀人的味道。当今社会有声音指出,应当细化对杀人罪的立法规定。当代杀人罪集中体现在刑法第232条故意杀人罪上,而该条对犯罪的罪状描述实在简陋：基本罪状和修正罪状(情节较轻),没有考虑现实生活中故意杀人的案件形形色色,起因于性状互有不同,如果简简单单归入这两种罪状,显然比较“粗糙”。我国刑法关于故意杀人罪包括了一切故意杀人行为,不管事前有无预谋,不管被害人有无过错,不管有无被害人死亡的结果。刑法虽然规定了犯罪未遂的可以从轻或减轻处罚,但是仍然没有体现出有预谋与无预谋的差异。一个过失犯罪就涵盖了所有过失致人死亡的行为。同时,由于罪名、罪状的不精细,也带来了法定刑的不明确。这样的规定是不科学的,也不利于刑法内容的确定性。故意杀人罪的法定刑种有死刑、无期徒刑和有期徒刑。有期徒刑的量刑幅度从三年到十五年,幅度很大。在司法实践中,法官的自由裁量权很大,同时也给法官带来了具体量刑的难题。由于法定刑种太多,量刑幅度太大,至于相似的案件在不同法院作出的刑判可能差别很大,很容易引起被告人上诉,造成司法资源不必要的浪费。传统法律文化历史久远而资源丰富,因此,我们应当从本民族的传统文化中汲取营养,从历史的角度对杀人罪做一梳理,应用比较的方法,以完善我国刑事法制,充分发挥刑法保障人权的功能。为此本文借鉴我国古代刑法典的经验,通过纵向比较,利用典型案例分析,以期建立杀人罪的罪名系列,完善杀人罪的立法,将罪行法定原则真正落到实处。
[Abstract]:The concept of "killing for life" is a simple and well-known idea that people attach great importance to human life. As far as traditional society is concerned, the history of homicide has a long history. Looking back on history, we find that there are murder crimes represented by "six killings" in traditional society, namely murder, killing, fighting, manslaughter, play killing and negligent killing. Some of the ancient people's views on modern people's theoretical learning and practical activities are not without enlightenment. When people talk about intentional homicide nowadays, they often mention only the word "murder", not the rest. Even the articles of criminal law seem to have only one crime of intentional homicide, but without the crime of infanticide established by the western countries, the crime of committing homicide and other special crimes of homicide can be committed. In addition, the crime of arson, robbery and abandonment in the articles of criminal law are both intentional homicide. There are voices in today's society that the legislation on homicide should be refined. The contemporary crime of homicide is embodied in Article 232 of the Criminal Code on intentional homicide, and the description of the crime in this article is very simple: basic counts and amended counts (the circumstances are lighter), and does not take into account the variety of cases of intentional homicide in real life. Because traits differ from one another, it is obviously "rough" to categorize the two crimes simply. The crime of intentional homicide in criminal law of our country includes all acts of intentional homicide, no matter whether there is premeditated or not, whether the victim is at fault or not, and whether there is the result of the victim's death. Although the criminal law stipulates that the penalty of attempted crime may be mitigated or mitigated, it still does not reflect the difference between premeditated and unpremeditated. A negligent crime covers all acts of negligence that result in the death of a person. At the same time, because the charge, the crime is not fine, also brought the legal penalty unclear. Such a provision is not scientific, nor conducive to the certainty of the content of criminal law. The statutory punishment for the crime of intentional homicide is the death penalty, life imprisonment and fixed-term imprisonment. The range of sentencing for imprisonment from three to fifteen years is very large. In the judicial practice, the judge's discretion is very big, at the same time has brought the concrete sentencing difficult problem to the judge. Because there are too many kinds of statutory punishment and the range of sentencing is too large, the similar cases may be very different in different courts, it is easy to cause defendants to appeal, resulting in unnecessary waste of judicial resources. The traditional legal culture has a long history and rich resources. Therefore, we should draw nutrition from the traditional culture of our nation, sort out the crime of homicide from the angle of history, and apply the comparative method to perfect the criminal law system of our country. Give full play to the function of criminal law to protect human rights. This article draws lessons from our country ancient criminal code experience, through longitudinal comparison, uses the typical case analysis, in order to establish the murder crime charge series, consummates the homicide crime legislation, carries out the crime legal principle truly to put into practice.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.3

【参考文献】