论死刑案件有效辩护

发布时间：2018-06-23 20:43

  本文选题：死刑案件 + 有效辩护　； 参考：《湘潭大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：随着我国刑事司法环境的不断改善,我国理论界和实务界在对辩护制度中辩护权行使和律师诉讼地位的保障进行多方面的研究后,都开始进一步关注辩护质量的标准和救济问题。如何提高刑事案件辩护的数量和质量,如何维护刑事诉讼辩护律师的地位和作用,如何确定刑事案件的辩护质量标准,如何在程序上提供被追诉人因为辩护律师不当行为引起的不利后果的救济途径,如何保障被追诉人能够获得有效辩护是当务之急。有效辩护制度,以辩护权的充分享有为前提,强调被追诉人有权获得达到一定质量标准的刑事辩护。从内容上说它规定了律师辩护行为的质量标准,规定了国家有职责和义务为获得有效辩护提供配套的保障,也规定了因为受到无效辩护影响的被追诉人获得救济的途径。从实践角度上来看,深入探讨有效辩护制度具有一定的时效性。从理论角度上来看,深入研究有效辩护具有一定的前瞻性。而我国对于这个问题的研究尚未深入,基本都是从程序性违法的角度和律师责任的角度作出了相关规定,但是并没有从被追诉人的角度针对被追诉人案件审理本身因为律师没有尽到合理称职义务从而给被追诉人造成不利影响提供救济。鲜有人从被追诉人的角度探讨辩护行为的质量是否符合有效性的标准,鲜有人从被追诉人的角度探讨律师没有尽到合理称职义务的辩护行为在实体上和程序上对被追诉人案件审理所产生的影响。因为死刑案件刑罚的不可逆性,被追诉人应当有权获得相比普通的刑事案件更为有效的刑事辩护,因此本文拟研究死刑案件的有效辩护制度,以期有利于控制和慎用死刑。本文从保护被追诉人辩护权利的角度,应用比较研究和实证研究相结合的方法,探讨美国和中国刑事案件中的有效辩护制度,评价律师辩护行为的质量。本文从六个部分展开论述:第一部分主要交待研究的主题和方法路径、目的与意义等;第二部分主要探讨有效辩护的理论基础,主要包括人权保障理论、正当程序理论、宪法司法化理论等;第三部分主要是梳理有效辩护的历史发展,通过有效辩护制度在两大法系的的历史变迁,并从历史发展中得出有效辩护的基本结论;第四部分主要介绍美国死刑案件的有效辩护制度,包括美国死刑案件有效制度的概况和内容、无效辩护审查之诉等,以期对我国有所借鉴;第五部分主要涉及我国死刑案件辩护制度的现状及问题,并剖析产生上述问题背后的原因;第六部分在比较美国死刑案件有效辩护的基础上,做出构建我国死刑案件有效辩护制度框架的取舍以及构建我国死刑案件有效辩护制度应当采取的措施,如何借鉴和适当引进美国有效辩护制度,使有效辩护制度,尤其是死刑案件有效辩护制度在我国落地生根。总之,我国应该在充分研究美国死刑案件辩护标准的基础上,借鉴美国死刑案件辩护标准制度的合理之处,结合中国死刑案件审理的实际情况,我们可以先行出台中国的死刑案件辩护标准。但应该注意的是,我们也必须为死刑有效辩护标准制定相应的责任机制,也即,为规范死刑案件辩护律师的行为,应当为辩护失职设定相应的责任机制,当辩护律师的行为不符合有效辩护的标准时,辩护律师应当承担相应的刑事法律后果。同时,被告人的辩护权利应当有程序性的救济,以冲抵辩护人不当辩护带来的损失,否则被告人的辩护权在设置之外就得不到有效的保障。
[Abstract]:With the continuous improvement of the criminal judicial environment in our country, the theoretical and practical circles in our country have begun to pay more attention to the standards and relief problems of the defense quality after many studies on the exercise of the right to defense and the protection of the status of the lawyers in the defense system. How to improve the number and quality of the criminal case and how to maintain the criminal prosecution? The status and role of the defense lawyer, how to determine the standard of the quality of the defense of the criminal case, and how to provide the remedy for the unfavourable consequences caused by the wrongdoing of the defense lawyer in procedure, how to guarantee the effective defense of the accused is the urgent matter. It emphasizes that the accused has the right to obtain a criminal defence of a certain quality standard. In content, it stipulates the quality standard of the lawyer's defense behavior, stipulates that the state has the duty and obligation to provide the supporting guarantee for the effective defence, and also provides the way to obtain the remedies for the accused affected by the invalid defence. From the angle of view, the effective defense system has a certain timeliness. From the theoretical point of view, the in-depth study of effective defense is forward-looking. However, our research on this problem has not been deeply studied, and the relevant provisions are basically made from the angle of procedural law and the angle of lawyer's responsibility, but not from the point of view. The prosecuted person's angle to the prosecuted person's case is itself because the lawyer has not done a reasonable duty of duty to provide the remedies to the accused. Few people discuss the standard of the quality of the defense from the angle of the accused. Few people discuss the lawyer from the point of view of the accused. The effect of the defense of a reasonable duty on the trial of the accused in substantive and procedural matters. Because the irreversibility of the penalty in the death penalty, the accused should have the right to obtain a more effective criminal defense compared to the ordinary criminal case. Therefore, this paper intends to study the effective defense system of the death penalty case in order to be beneficial. Control and careful use of the death penalty. From the angle of protecting the right of the defendant's defense, this article discusses the effective defense system in the criminal cases in the United States and China by using the method of combining comparative research and empirical research, and evaluating the quality of the lawyer's defense behavior. This article is discussed from six parts: the first part mainly deals with the subject and method of the research. The second part mainly discusses the theoretical basis of effective defense, mainly including the theory of human rights protection, the theory of due process, the theory of constitutional judicature, and so on. The third part is mainly to comb the historical development of effective defense, through the effective defense system in the historical changes of the two legal systems, and to get effective from the historical development. The fourth part mainly introduces the effective defense system of the death penalty cases in the United States, including the general situation and content of the effective system of the death penalty cases in the United States, and the complaint of the invalid Defense Review, in order to draw lessons from our country. The fifth part mainly involves the status and problems of the defense system of death penalty cases in our country, and analyses the problems arising from the above problems. The reasons behind it; the sixth part, on the basis of comparing the effective defense of the death penalty cases in the United States, makes the choice of building the framework of the effective defense system of the death penalty cases in our country and the measures to be taken to construct the effective defense system of the death penalty cases in our country, how to draw on and appropriately introduce the effective defense system in the United States, so as to make the effective defense system, especially the death. In conclusion, on the basis of fully studying the defense standards of the death penalty cases in the United States and drawing on the rationalization of the system of the defense standard of the death penalty cases in the United States and combining the actual situation of the trial of the death penalty cases in China, we can first make the defense standards for the death penalty cases in China. It is also noted that we must also set up a corresponding responsibility mechanism for the effective defense of the death penalty, that is, to regulate the behavior of the defense lawyer in the death penalty case, the corresponding responsibility mechanism should be set for the defense of the defender. When the defense lawyer's behavior does not conform to the standard of effective defence, the defense lawyer should bear the corresponding criminal legal consequences. The defendant's right to defend should have a procedural relief to offset the loss caused by the defender's improper defence, otherwise the defendant's right to defense should not be effectively guaranteed.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D925.2;D924
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本文编号：2058373