论合同欺诈与合同诈骗的认定

发布时间：2018-06-28 04:43

本文选题：合同诈骗 + 合同欺诈　；参考：《华南理工大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着市场经济的发展，合同在市场经济中出现的频率越来越高，其在市场经济中也扮演着越来越重要的角色，但是与此同时利用合同获取非法利益的现象和行为越来越多，主要可以概括为合同诈骗和合同欺诈。合同诈骗和合同欺诈虽然有很多相同的地方，例如行为人主观都具有故意的心理状态，但是两者仍有极大不同，不仅在程度上不同，而且在构成、主观以及客观方面都有很大区别。两者的区别总而言之体现在各个方面，对此，本文将在文章的后半部分进行详细论述。在文章的结构上，本文主要分为五个部分，在第一章绪论中，笔者将对本文选题的背景以及选题的意义，本文的主要研究方法、创新点还有本文将要讨论的主要内容进行简单明了的介绍，从研究内容看，，本文的研究内容包括合同诈骗和合同欺诈的内涵以及各自的特征和实践区分合同诈骗和合同欺诈的要点；在文章的第二部分合同诈骗与合同欺诈的区分及意义部分，本部分笔者从合同诈骗以及合同欺诈的概念、构成要件等出发，从法律以及实务角度对合同诈骗及合同欺诈做一个简单的梳理，这样做的目的是为后文的进一步展开论述做好铺垫。这部分主要对合同欺诈与合同诈骗的概念、法律构成进行界定，从理论上对二者的相同点和不同点进和区分，为实践提供理论和法律支持。可以说，合同欺诈在某种程度上是合同诈骗的基础性概念，要更好的理解合同诈骗罪，就必须首先对合同欺诈有一个整体性的认识；在文章的第三部分合同欺诈与合同诈骗的实务判定部分，笔者对合同诈骗和合同欺诈在实践上作了一个区分，主要通过实际案件的列举具体分析不同的因素在认定两种行为中的意义，分析两种行为认定中的关键因素，在本部分，笔者提出，合同欺诈和合同诈骗区分的关键点不在于行为的程度，而在于行为人是否具有非法将财物占为己有的目的；在本文的第四部分，笔者通过总结，提炼出实务中合同欺诈和合同诈骗判定难点问题，正如笔者在上一部分提出的观点，因为合同欺诈和合同诈骗区分的关键性因素在于判断行为人是否具有将财物非法占为己有的目的，因此，笔者认为合同欺诈和合同诈骗判断的难点在于对非法占有的认定上，包括如果确定非法占有的目的，行为人非法占有财物达到何种数额才能被认定为非法占有，非法占有的时点以及行为人非法占有的时间长短是否影响对行为人非法占有的认定等等，对于非法占有的认定，在司法实践中，有人认为应当从行为人采取的手段出发，根据行为人是否采用了《刑法》规定的欺骗手段来判断行为人的行为是否构成以非法占有为目的，是否构成合同诈骗罪，但实际上，一则犯罪手段千变万化，二则《刑法》根本无法穷尽对欺骗手段的规定，因此，以手段为准判断行为人是否构成合同诈骗，是否构成以非法占有为目的是不现实的。具体判断非法占有为目的的标准应该结合案例具体情况具体分析，虽然具体的情形无法一一列举，认定的方法仍然有迹可循。行为人既可以对财物实施实际占有，也可以不对财物实施实际占有，而采用其他方式进行占有。对此，应当对《刑法》第224条规定的非法占有做出法律范围内的扩张解释，只要行为人排除了合法的占有人对于公私财物产管领、控制的效力，对于占有的认定，实际上，可以借鉴民法的一般理论，即如果行为人将某一财物置于自己的实际支配和控制下，总而言之，在文章的这一部分，笔者详细介绍了非法占有在司法实务中认定的几个关键点。最后是本文的结论，通过文章的分析总结出具体区分二者的因素，并对文章研究的不足及未来的发展方向进行总结和展望。通过搜集有代表性的案例，分析具体的案例了解区分二者的关键因素是本文拟解决的关键问题。如何通过理论的阐释和案例的分析总结出二者之间区别的实质，将复杂的法理理论用简单的标准表述出来，使总结出来的经验为司法实践所用，并且可以更好地处理实际中遇到的各种案件。前文以及述及有关非法占有的基本理论问题，在具体的司法实践中，如何认定非法占有是一个关键性的问题，同时也更具有实践意义，由于非法占有本身含义的复杂性，在司法实践中，如何认定非法占有，向来都是仁者见仁智者见智，非法占有含义的不甚明确，导致了在司法实践中出现对非法占有的不同理解。而非法占有的认定在区分合同欺诈和合同诈骗时又有着十分重要的作用，故要区分合同欺诈和合同诈骗，需要总结出一套认定非法占有的方法。在司法实践中，执法和司法人员往往通过行为人提供的口供或者表面证供判断行为人是否具有非法占有的目的，一般情况下，很少有行为人会直接承认自己有非法占有的目的。总而言之，非法占有目的的认定在司法实践中是一个难题，这需要司法人员不断学习，提高自身的理论修养和实践技术，这样才能更好的判断行为人是否具备非法占有的目的。
[Abstract]:With the development of market economy, the frequency of contract in the market economy is getting higher and higher, and it plays a more and more important role in the market economy. But at the same time, there are more and more phenomena and behavior of obtaining illegal interests by contract. It can be summarized as contract fraud and contract fraud, contract fraud and contract fraud, although the contract fraud and contract fraud are mainly summarized. There are many same places, such as the subjective psychological state of the actor, but there are still great differences between the two, not only in degree, but also in the composition, subjective and objective aspects. The differences are all in all aspects. This article will be discussed in detail in the second half of the article.
In the structure of the article, this article is divided into five parts. In the first chapter, the author will introduce the background of this topic and the significance of the topic, the main research method, the innovation and the main contents of this article. The main points of distinguishing contract fraud and contract fraud with the connotations of fraud and their respective characteristics and practice; in the second part of the article, the distinction and significance of contract fraud and contract fraud, the author of this part, from the concept of contract fraud and contract fraud, and so on, from the legal and practical point of view of contract fraud and cooperation. The purpose of doing a simple combing with fraud is to pave the way for further discussion of the latter. This part mainly defines the concept of contract fraud and contract fraud, the constitution of the law, the theory and the distinction between the similarities and differences of the two, and the theoretical and legal support for the actual practice. To a certain extent, it is the basic concept of contract fraud. To better understand the crime of contract fraud, it is necessary to have a holistic understanding of the contract fraud. In the third part of the article, the author makes a distinction between contract fraud and contract fraud in practice, mainly through the practice of the contract fraud and contract fraud. The actual case enumerates the significance of different factors in the identification of the two acts, and analyzes the key factors in the identification of the two kinds of behavior. In this part, the author points out that the key point of the distinction between contract fraud and contract fraud lies not in the degree of behavior, but in whether the perpetrator has the purpose of illegally taking property for its own purpose; in this article, In the fourth part, the author summarizes the difficulties of contract fraud and contract fraud, as the author puts forward in the previous part, because the key factor of contract fraud and contract fraud is to judge whether the perpetrator has the purpose of making up the property illegally, so the author thinks that the contract is bullying. The difficulty of judging the fraud and contract fraud lies in the identification of illegal possession, including if the purpose of illegal possession is determined, what amount of the property is illegally occupied by the actor can be identified as illegal possession, the time point of illegal possession and the time of the illegal possession of the actor affect the identification of the illegal possession of the perpetrator and so on. As for the identification of illegal possession, in judicial practice, some people think that it is necessary to proceed from the means taken by the perpetrator, to judge whether the behavior of the actor constitutes the crime of illegal possession and whether it constitutes the crime of fraud in the contract according to whether the perpetrator has adopted the deceitful means prescribed in the criminal law, but in fact, a criminal means is varied, two The "criminal law" can not exhaustion the provisions of the means of deception at all. Therefore, it is unrealistic to judge whether the person constitutes a contract fraud by means of a means or not to constitute an illegal possession. The specific criteria for the purpose of judging illegal possession should be divided into specific cases, although the specific circumstances can not be enumerated one by one. There is still a way to follow. The perpetrator can not only carry out the actual possession of the property, but also do not carry out the real possession of the property, but use other ways to occupy it. In this case, the illegal possession in the 224th article of criminal law should be expanded in the legal scope, as long as the perpetrator excludes the legitimate possessor of public and private property. In fact, we can draw on the general theory of civil law, that is, if the perpetrator puts a certain property under its own actual control and control, in a word, in this part of the article, the author describes in detail several key points identified in the judicial practice of illegal possession. Finally, this article is the article. In conclusion, through the analysis of the article, the factors that distinguish the two parties are summarized, and the shortcomings of the study and the future development direction are summarized and prospected. By collecting representative cases and analyzing the specific cases, the key factors to be solved to distinguish the two are the key problems to be solved in this paper. The analysis summarizes the essence of the difference between the two, and describes the complex legal theory with a simple standard, so that the experience summed up for the judicial practice is used, and can better deal with the various cases encountered in the actual situation.
The previous and the basic theoretical questions about illegal possession, in the specific judicial practice, how to identify illegal possession is a key problem, but also more practical. Because of the complexity of the illegal possession of its own meaning, in the judicial practice, how to identify illegal possession is always a wise man with different views, illegal and illegal. The unambiguous meaning of possession leads to different understandings of illegal possession in judicial practice. The identification of illegal possession plays a very important role in distinguishing contract fraud and contract fraud. Therefore, to distinguish contract fraud and contract fraud, we need to sum up a set of methods to identify illegal possession. The law and the judiciary often judge whether the perpetrator has the purpose of illegal possession by the confession or the surface evidence provided by the actor. In general, few people will directly acknowledge the purpose of illegal possession. In a word, the identification of the purpose of illegal possession is a difficult problem in the practice of the law, which requires the judicial personnel to not. In order to better judge whether the actor has the purpose of illegal possession, we should learn to improve our theoretical and practical skills.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.3

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