贪污罪主体的立法完善研究

发布时间：2018-06-28 20:19

本文选题：贪污罪 + 主体　；参考：《安徽大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：贪污罪作为一种典型的身份犯罪,是目前我国司法实践中常见的一类犯罪,在我国刑法分则中占有重要地位。贪污罪不仅侵犯了职务行为的廉洁性,而且会给公共财产造成重大损失,甚至危及社会和政治稳定。十八大以来,中央政府十分重视反腐败工作,习近平总书记多次强调反腐的重要性,坚持老虎苍蝇一起打,查处了多起有影响的重大贪腐案件。随着社会经济的不断发展,改革开放的不断深入,传统意义的贪污罪面临巨大挑战,越来越不能适应新情势的发展需要,犯罪主体呈现多样化,贪污犯罪手段较之传统贪污手段新型化、隐蔽化,这些问题导致认定贪污罪更为复杂,给贪污罪的研究带来了新的问题及挑战。犯罪主体作为犯罪构成要件之一,对于认定犯罪不可忽视,而贪污罪作为身份犯,研究贪污犯罪主体对于贪污罪的认定具有重要作用。对贪污罪主体进行研究有助于解决司法实践中的疑难问题,同时也对打击贪污犯罪,惩治腐败起到积极作用。本文通过研究我国立法上对贪污罪规定的变化及发展,对照国外刑法中贪污罪主体的立法情况,对我国现行贪污罪主体的立法原意进行分析。通过分析、比较,可以发现在无论是在司法实务上,还是在理论界,对于贪污罪主体的范围和认定上都存在争议,分歧颇大。贪污罪主体的核心特征是从事公务,但由于“国家工作人员”这一传统概念的长期影响,使得立法及司法上将认定主体的目光主要集中在行为人身份特征上,但身份特征已经与经济社会发展不相适应,这就导致理论界与司法中把握贪污罪主体标准不一、认识不同。目前我国贪污罪主体立法既不能体现从严治吏的立法目的,也不能适应打击贪腐的刑事政策。应当对刑事立法中的贪污罪主体进行调整和完善。通过分析立法存在的不足和缺陷,结合贪污罪的本质属性,以从严治吏的立法精神为出发点,提出应当修正贪污罪主体的立法表述,摒弃身份论的影响,以“公职人员”概念取代“国家工作人员”。
[Abstract]:As a typical identity crime, corruption crime is a kind of common crime in the judicial practice of our country at present, and plays an important role in the special provisions of criminal law of our country. Corruption not only infringes the integrity of duty, but also causes great loss to public property and even endangers social and political stability. Since the 18th National Congress, the central government has attached great importance to anti-corruption work. General Secretary Xi Jinping has repeatedly stressed the importance of anti-corruption, insisted that tigers and flies fight together, and investigated and dealt with a number of major cases of corruption with influence. With the continuous development of social economy and the deepening of reform and opening up, the crime of corruption in the traditional sense is facing enormous challenges, which is more and more unable to adapt to the development needs of the new situation. Compared with the traditional means of corruption, the methods of corruption crime are more new-style and covert. These problems lead to the determination of corruption crime more complex, and bring new problems and challenges to the study of corruption crime. As one of the constitutive elements of the crime, the subject of crime can not be ignored in the determination of the crime, while the crime of corruption as a status crime, the study of the subject of corruption crime for the identification of corruption has an important role. The study on the subject of corruption crime is helpful to solve the difficult problems in judicial practice, and also plays an active role in cracking down on corruption and punishing corruption. By studying the change and development of the provisions of corruption crime in our country's legislation, this paper analyzes the legislative intent of the subject of corruption crime in our country in comparison with the legislative situation of the subject of corruption crime in foreign criminal law. Through analysis and comparison, we can find that there are disputes on the scope and determination of the subject of corruption in both the judicial practice and the theoretical circle. The core feature of the subject of corruption crime is to engage in public service. However, due to the long-term influence of the traditional concept of "state functionary", the legislative and judicial will determine that the main body's eyes are mainly on the identity characteristics of the perpetrator. However, the identity characteristics have not been adapted to the economic and social development, which leads to different standards and different understanding of the subject of corruption crime in the theoretical and judicial circles. At present, the subject legislation of corruption crime in our country can neither reflect the legislative purpose of strictly governing the officials, nor adapt to the criminal policy of fighting corruption. The subject of corruption crime in criminal legislation should be adjusted and perfected. By analyzing the shortcomings and defects of the legislation, combining the essential attribute of the corruption crime and taking the legislative spirit of strictly governing the officials as the starting point, the author puts forward that the legislative expression of the subject of the corruption crime should be revised, and the influence of identity theory should be abandoned. Replace the term "State official" with the concept of "public official".
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.392

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