民事欺诈与刑事诈骗之比较研究
发布时间：2018-07-15 12:58
【摘要】：伴随着我国经济发展，欺诈、诈骗类案件开始增多,司法实践中经常会出现关于欺诈和诈骗类案件的民刑冲突问题。而中国自古就是一个民刑不分的国家。在五千年的历史长廊中，中国的法制发展始终没有走出“礼法结合、诸法合体、民刑不分、以刑为主”的特点。由于源远流长的古代法律传统、根深蒂固的儒家文化以及交错繁杂的民刑关系影响，人们不能对民刑关系有很好的理解和掌握。虽然近些年来研究民刑交叉问题的专著不少，但大都是从司法实践角度出发，对实体内容涉及有限。民刑关系尤其是实体法上的民刑关系课题具有相当的重要性，国内的关注和研究远远不够。此外，，民刑实体法关系的研究具有相当的难度，至今，在民刑本质、民刑界限、民刑责任的区分等方面仍然没有形成权威、统一的观点，民事不法与刑事不法在新的社会条件下更出现了复杂化、交错化、疑难化的趋势，许多有关刑事案件和民事案件的联系、区别方面的实务问题亟待解决。 笔者主要是从欺诈和诈骗两个角度出发来研究民刑实体法关系，主要是运用比较分析方法对欺诈和诈骗的概念、历史演进、构成要件、国内外不同理论和司法实务的不同做法来进行探讨、比较和分析，得出本文观点。该正文主要分为四个部分： 第一部分是导论。通过阐述目前面临的民刑关系问题引入当下的理论研究现状，从国内研究现状和国际研究现状两个角度出发进行说明，指出民刑关系的实体法研究和欺诈、诈骗类民刑关系研究目前理论界关注度不够，表明写作的意义，从而得出本文的创新点。 第二部分是对民事欺诈与刑事诈骗的概念进行界定。首先，从民法角度阐释欺诈的历史演进，指出民事欺诈最初源自罗马法。民事欺诈由善意欺诈和恶意欺诈两部分组成，本文认为欺诈是一方当事人故意告知对方当事人虚假情况，或者故意隐瞒真实情况，诱使对方当事人作出错误的意思表示的主观状态；其次，对刑事诈骗的渊源进行介绍，指出随着经济发展，我国诈骗经历了一个由保护皇权统治到保护市场经济秩序的转变过程。 第三部分是对民事欺诈与刑事诈骗的主观因素进行探讨。在本部分，笔者界定恶意与善意的时间点是当事人行为当时的主观意志。民事欺诈的主观因素由善意和恶意两部分组成，认为不管是结果受益说还是意思表示瑕疵说，善意都构成欺诈。刑事诈骗的主观因素是故意，不包括过失，这是由行为人积极追求危害结果发生的主观能动性所决定的。并各自对恶意、善意和故意进行详细阐释，认为善意欺诈无法和刑事诈骗进行比较，只有恶意欺诈才能和刑事诈骗相比较，然后从民刑关系的角度对恶意和故意（包括直接故意和间接故意）进行分析比较研究。 第四部分是对民事欺诈与刑事诈骗的客观因素进行比较分析。该论文首先对民事欺诈与刑事诈骗的客观因素进行探讨，指出民事欺诈的客观因素是行为，刑事诈骗的客观因素是行为和结果两个方面，排除因果关系。同时利于本文阐述需要，采用广义行为理论，将结果纳入行为范畴，因此本部分将只从行为这一角度对民事欺诈与刑事诈骗进行讨论。本文采用将行为以是否以一定的方式表达与外界的方法分类，将行为分为作为和不作为两个方面，接下来从作为行为和不作为行为两个方面行文。文章认为民事欺诈的作为表示方式是虚伪表示，在作为表示方面将虚伪表示与刑事诈骗进行进行研究；民事欺诈的不作为表示方式是沉默欺诈和真意保留，在不作为表示方面将沉默欺诈、真意保留与刑事诈骗进行比较分析，以彰显民事欺诈与刑事诈骗的本质区别。
[Abstract]:With the increase of the economic development , fraud and fraud cases in our country , there are frequent problems in the judicial practice of the people ' s sentence conflict in the cases of fraud and fraud .
The author studies the relationship between the substantive law of the people ' s punishment mainly from the two angles of fraud and fraud , mainly by using the comparative analysis method to discuss , compare and analyze the concept of fraud and fraud , the historical evolution , the constitutive requirements , the different theories and the judicial practice at home and abroad , and draw a conclusion that the text is divided into four parts :
The first part is the introduction of the current theory research situation , from two aspects of the present situation of domestic research and the current situation of international research .
The second part defines the concept of civil fraud and criminal fraud . Firstly , it explains the historical evolution of fraud from the perspective of civil law , and points out that civil fraud originated from Roman law .
Secondly , this paper introduces the origin of criminal fraud , and points out that with the development of economy , the fraud of our country has experienced a transition from the protection of imperial power to the protection of market economy order .
The third part is to discuss the subjective factors of civil fraud and criminal fraud . In this part , the author defines the time point of malicious and good faith as the subjective will of the party ' s behavior . The subjective factor of civil fraud is determined by the subjective initiative of the perpetrator actively pursuing the harm result .
The fourth part analyzes the objective factors of civil fraud and criminal fraud , and points out that the objective factor of civil fraud is the behavior , the objective factor of criminal fraud is behavior and result .
The omission of civil fraud is a means of silence fraud and a genuine reservation , which makes comparative analysis of silence fraud , genuine retention and criminal fraud in the absence of a representation to demonstrate the essential distinction between civil fraud and criminal fraud .
【学位授予单位】：天津商业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.3;D923
本文编号：2124154
[Abstract]:With the increase of the economic development , fraud and fraud cases in our country , there are frequent problems in the judicial practice of the people ' s sentence conflict in the cases of fraud and fraud .
The author studies the relationship between the substantive law of the people ' s punishment mainly from the two angles of fraud and fraud , mainly by using the comparative analysis method to discuss , compare and analyze the concept of fraud and fraud , the historical evolution , the constitutive requirements , the different theories and the judicial practice at home and abroad , and draw a conclusion that the text is divided into four parts :
The first part is the introduction of the current theory research situation , from two aspects of the present situation of domestic research and the current situation of international research .
The second part defines the concept of civil fraud and criminal fraud . Firstly , it explains the historical evolution of fraud from the perspective of civil law , and points out that civil fraud originated from Roman law .
Secondly , this paper introduces the origin of criminal fraud , and points out that with the development of economy , the fraud of our country has experienced a transition from the protection of imperial power to the protection of market economy order .
The third part is to discuss the subjective factors of civil fraud and criminal fraud . In this part , the author defines the time point of malicious and good faith as the subjective will of the party ' s behavior . The subjective factor of civil fraud is determined by the subjective initiative of the perpetrator actively pursuing the harm result .
The fourth part analyzes the objective factors of civil fraud and criminal fraud , and points out that the objective factor of civil fraud is the behavior , the objective factor of criminal fraud is behavior and result .
The omission of civil fraud is a means of silence fraud and a genuine reservation , which makes comparative analysis of silence fraud , genuine retention and criminal fraud in the absence of a representation to demonstrate the essential distinction between civil fraud and criminal fraud .
【学位授予单位】：天津商业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.3;D923
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前2条
1 崔磊;;两类欺诈之比较研究[J];天中学刊;2008年06期
2 高艳东;;诈骗罪与集资诈骗罪的规范超越:吴英案的罪与罚[J];中外法学;2012年02期
本文编号：2124154
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