论严格责任在我国危害食品安全罪中的构建

发布时间：2018-07-17 18:35

【摘要】：严格责任制度是英美刑法特有的一项刑事归责制度，由于其产生的背景的特殊性，以及其认定犯罪不考虑行为人主观罪过的特点与现代刑法理念中认定犯罪应当坚持“罪刑法定”、“主客观相一致”的原则相冲突，因此一直在理论界备受争议。当前我国经济社会发展的现状与十九世纪六七十年代英美国家所面临的社会问题有诸多相似，尤其是危害食品安全的犯罪方面屡禁不止并且有愈演愈烈的趋势。面对着相类似的社会现状，学者们开始寻找解决问题的方法，因此引入英美刑法的严格责任制度就进入了讨论范畴。现阶段理论界对于严格责任制度的分析还有限，对这一制度的定义、内涵分析不统一，理论分类有争议，还没有形成统一的理论体系，这也是造成我国理论界对于是否将严格责任制度引入我国刑法体系有争议的一个重要原因。现阶段，我国危害食品安全犯罪数量逐年递增，危害食品安全犯罪后果严重，食品安全问题已经成了社会各界广泛关注的焦点问题。完善危害食品安全犯罪立法，严格司法，制定健全的刑法制度，严厉打击危害食品安全犯罪已经是当务之急，因此，明确严格责任制度内涵，确定是否要将严格责任制度引进我国危害食品安全犯罪立法，如何引入这一制度以及如何设置相应的刑法规定就成了我们函需解决的重要问题。本文通过对理论界的有关严格责任制度的讨论和争议的比较分析，总结严格责任制度的内涵，明确这一制度的本质，通过分析我国危害食品安全犯罪的现状及问题，阐述引入相对严格责任制度的必要性以及可行性，希望可以为我国危害食品安全犯罪的刑事立法的完善有所裨益。本文由三大部分组成：引言、正文、结语。其中正文部分包括：第一章，严格责任的渊源及内涵。通过分析刑法归责制度发展演变的历史，追溯严格责任制度产生的原因，给严格责任制度确定一个较为准确的定义和内涵。通过分析刑法归责制度中对于罪过的认定的发展历程，以及严格责任制度产生的背景，确定严格责任制度确立的目的和精神本质。比较分析两大法系关于严格责任制度的定义的区别，总结出一个较为系统的严格责任制度的定义。系统归纳当今刑法学界关于严格责任的分类，将严格责任与绝对责任、无过错责任、结果责任进行比较，明确严格责任自身的特征，明确严格责任的内涵。第二章，危害食品安全犯罪分析。在这个部分，笔者通过分析现阶段关于危害食品安全犯罪的定义内容，明确我国危害食品安全罪的概念内容。总结归纳出对于危害食品安全犯罪的概念界定需要涵盖最广泛的责任主体，以严格的责任形式保障社会公益。分析论述我国危害食品安全罪的发展历程，从立法历史中总结经验，以及吸收借鉴国外有关危害食品安全罪的立法形式，发现我国危害食品安全罪中存在的立法缺陷与问题。第三章，严格责任制度引入危害食品安全犯罪的分析。在这一章中笔者通过讨论我国当今刑法学界的学者们对于是否引入严格责任制度的不同态度的，，分析学者们的观点的优劣，进而引出笔者自己的见解。然后，分析探讨将相对严格责任制度引入我国危害食品安全罪的必要性、合理性与可行性。第四章，关于严格责任引入的具体建构。本章笔者提出了关于将相对严格责任制度引入我国的具体建构意见，包括具体这一制度引进后在刑法实体法、程序法以及刑罚上的建构。在实体法的建构上笔者提出从刑法总则、分则以及法定抗辩事由上进行具体规划，明确责任人的注意义务，明确危害食品安全罪的犯罪构成，区分免责事由和减轻责任的事由，区别对待。在程序法上重点讨论对于控方的举证责任，举证责任的分配以及被告人抗辩权的保护。在刑罚上，笔者提出确立罚金刑的特殊地位完善制度设计，并且赞同引入资格刑。
[Abstract]:The strict liability system is a special criminal imputation system in Anglo American criminal law. Because of the particularity of its background and the characteristics of its assertion that the crime does not consider the subjective crime of the perpetrator, it conflicts with the principle that the crime should adhere to the principle of "the legality of the crime" and the principle of "the subjective and objective view" in the modern criminal law concept, and therefore has been in the theoretical circle. The current situation of our country's economic and social development is similar to the social problems faced by the British and American countries in the 60s and 70s of nineteenth Century, especially in the crime of endangering food safety, and the trend is increasing. In the face of similar social status, scholars have begun to find ways to solve the problem. The strict liability system introduced into the Anglo American criminal law has entered the scope of discussion. At the present stage, the theoretical circle has limited analysis of the strict liability system, the definition of the system, the disunity of the connotation analysis, the dispute of the theoretical classification and the formation of a unified theoretical system, which is also the result of the strict liability system in the theoretical circles of our country. At the present stage, the number of crimes endangering food safety has increased year by year, and the consequences of food safety crimes are serious. Food safety has become a focus of attention in all sectors of the society. It is urgent to crack down on the crime of endangering food safety. Therefore, it is important to clear the connotation of the strict liability system and determine whether the strict liability system should be introduced to our country's legislation for the crime of endangering food safety. How to introduce this system and how to set up the corresponding criminal regulations has become an important problem to be solved. The discussion and the comparative analysis of the strict liability system, the connotation of the strict liability system, the essence of the system, the analysis of the status and problems of the crime of endangering food safety in our country, the necessity and the feasibility of introducing the system of relative strict liability are expounded, and the hope that it can harm the crime of food safety in our country is hoped. The perfection of the criminal legislation is beneficial.
This paper consists of three parts: introduction, text and epilogue.
The first chapter, the origin and connotation of strict liability. Through the analysis of the history of the development and evolution of the criminal liability system, it traces the causes of the strict liability system, and gives a more accurate definition and connotation to the strict liability system. Through the analysis of the development process of the recognition of the crime in the criminal liability system, and the emergence of the strict liability system. The objective and spiritual essence of the strict liability system is determined. The definition of the strict liability system in the two legal systems is compared and analyzed. The definition of a more systematic and strict liability system is summed up. The classification of strict liability in the criminal law field is summed up, the strict liability and absolute responsibility, no fault liability, and the conclusion of the strict liability are summed up. Compare the fruit responsibility, define the characteristics of strict liability and clarify the connotation of strict liability.
The second chapter, the analysis of food safety crime. In this part, through the analysis of the definition of food safety crime at the present stage, the author defines the concept of the crime of endangering food safety in our country. It concludes that the definition of the crime of endangering food safety should be covered by the most widely responsible subject, with strict liability form. In order to guarantee the social public welfare, this paper analyzes the development course of the crime of endangering food safety in our country, summarizes the experience from the legislative history, and absorbs the legislation form of the crime of endangering food safety in foreign countries, and finds the legislative defects and problems that exist in the crime of endangering food safety in our country.
In the third chapter, the strict liability system is introduced into the analysis of the crime of endangering food safety. In this chapter, the author analyzes the different attitudes of the scholars in the criminal jurisprudence of our country to the different attitudes of the strict liability system, and then analyzes the opinions of the scholars, and then leads to the author's own opinions. Then, the author analyzes and discusses the relative strict responsibility. The necessity, rationality and feasibility of introducing the appointment system into the crime of endangering food safety in China.
The fourth chapter is about the concrete construction of the introduction of strict liability. In this chapter, the author puts forward the concrete construction opinions on introducing the relative strict liability system into our country, including the construction of the substantive law, procedural law and penalty of the criminal law after the introduction of this system. The plea should make specific planning, clear the duty of attention of the responsible person, clear the constitution of the crime that endangers the crime of food safety, distinguish the cause of disclaimer and reduce the cause of responsibility, and discuss the burden of proof for the prosecution, the distribution of the burden of proof and the protection of the right of defense of the defendant. The special status of the fine has been perfected, the system has been designed, and the qualification penalty has been approved.
【学位授予单位】：烟台大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.3

【参考文献】