“赔偿从宽”量刑情节研究

发布时间：2018-07-21 09:55

【摘要】：刑事领域里的被告人赔偿，是被告人对被害人的损失弥补。“赔偿从宽”量刑情节是酌定从宽的量刑情节之一，在被告人积极自发的对被害人进行了赔偿的前提下适用，主要被广泛运用于人身损害型或财产损害型的案件中。赔偿本质意义上是被告人民事责任的承担，但由于其能反映被告人人身危险性和被告人行为社会危害性的双重减小，能表明被告人特殊预防必要性的降低，因此在具体的裁量中，法官据此可以对被告人给予一定程度的从宽处罚。本文对“赔偿从宽”量刑情节的相关理论知识进行了梳理，，在考察该情节司法适用现状的基础上，总结归纳出了“赔偿从宽”量刑情节在具体适用中的问题，并针对这些问题，进而提出了“赔偿从宽”量刑情节适用完善的建议。全文除引言和结语外，正文共分为五部分，约3.7万字：第一部分，赔偿界定。对本文研究的赔偿进行了全面的概述，首先，赔偿是指在刑事犯罪领域内，被告人基于自身犯罪行为而给予被害人或被害人家属的补偿，由于其一般在案件发生之后、未宣告判决之前进行，因此通常被称为先行赔偿；其次，关于赔偿的法律性质虽然学界有三种观点，即赔偿为民事、修复、刑事责任的承担，但赔偿实质来说仍是民事责任的承担；最后，赔偿与退赔、判决赔偿、责令赔偿存在异同，不能彼此混淆。第二部分，“赔偿从宽”量刑情节的正当性基础。首先，“赔偿从宽”有理论基础的支撑，恢复性司法及特殊预防理论构成了其理论基石；其次，“赔偿从宽”有文化基础的支持，是儒家思想“和”文化在刑事领域内的运用；再次，“赔偿从宽”有需求基础的撑持，是被告人、被害人、国家三方利益诉求的体现；最后，“赔偿从宽”有价值基础的赞同，是司法公平、民主、和谐和刑法效益价值理念的彰显。第三部分，“赔偿从宽”量刑情节司法适用现状考察。首先，对“赔偿从宽”在28个省、自治区、直辖市的《人民法院量刑指导意见（试行）》实施细则中的规定情况予以了考察，包括对“赔偿从宽”的从宽幅度、适用时的综合考虑因素及具体规定作了详细考究；其次，对“赔偿从宽”适用的罪名予以了考察，从具体案例入手考察“赔偿从宽”适用罪名的现状；再次，对“赔偿从宽”的文书表述模式进行了考察，发现了其四种文书表达模式，即“认罪、赔偿——从宽”模式、“认罪、赔偿、谅解——从宽”模式、“赔偿——谅解从宽”模式、“赔偿、谅解、悔罪——从宽”模式；最后，对“赔偿从宽”的适用效果进行了考察，得出了该情节能够影响具体刑种刑罚适用，影响具体刑罚执行方式，影响案件改判，影响刑罚启动的结论。第四部分，“赔偿从宽”量刑情节适用问题分析。首先，“赔偿从宽”存在适用任意性大的问题，主要表现在其适用实践与规定不符，文书中欠缺量刑说理两方面；其次，“赔偿从宽”与综合考虑因素的关系笼统，主要表现在其与犯罪性质的对应性模糊，与赔偿能力的关系定位不准，赔偿数额的确定性不强，赔偿态度的实践考究不多四个方面；再次，“赔偿从宽”适用的独立性不明，主要表现在其适用受认罪、悔罪态度、被害人谅解等酌定从宽情节的制约；最后，赔偿相关的量刑信息考察不足，法官往往认赔为宽，对与赔偿相关的，能反映被告人人身危险性及行为社会危害性的信息未予以充分重视，易导致量刑失衡。第五部分，“赔偿从宽”量刑情节完善适用建议。为解决“赔偿从宽”的适用问题，从完善“赔偿从宽”制度本身和构建相关制度两个方面着手。建议在完善“赔偿从宽”制度本身上，明确“赔偿从宽”为法定的量刑情节、明晰“赔偿从宽”与考虑因素的关系、确切其他酌定从宽情节对“赔偿从宽”的影响力；倡导在相关制度的构建上，建立“赔偿从宽”的量刑信息调查制度，构建“赔偿从宽”适用的量刑说理机制，保障“赔偿从宽”量刑情节得以完善、合理的适用，实现刑罚的公正和刑法的正义。
[Abstract]:The compensation of the defendant in the criminal field is the compensation of the defendant ' s loss . The " wide " sentencing plot is one of the discretionary circumstances , which is widely used in the case of personal injury or property damage . The compensation is mainly used in the case of personal injury or property damage .

In addition to the introduction and conclusion , the text is divided into five parts , about 37,000 words :

Firstly , compensation is the compensation of the victim or the victim ' s family in the field of criminal offence .
Second , although the legal nature of compensation has three opinions , namely , compensation is the responsibility of civil , repair and criminal responsibility , but the compensation is still the responsibility of civil liability ;
Finally , compensation and compensation , award compensation , order to make reparation exist differences and cannot be confused with each other .

The second part , the basis of the legitimacy of the sentencing circumstances of " compensation from broad " . First of all , the theory foundation of " compensation from broad " is supported , restorative justice and special prevention theory constitute its theoretical cornerstone ;
Secondly , " compensation from broad " is supported by cultural foundation , which is the application of " Confucianism " and " culture in criminal field ;
Thirdly , " compensation is wide " has the basis of the demand foundation , is the defendant , victim , the national tripartite interests appeal ;
Finally , " compensation is broad " has the value basis of the endorsement , is the judicial fairness , democracy , harmony and the criminal law benefit value idea .

In the third part , the author investigates the current situation of the application of " compensation from broad " sentencing circumstances . First of all , the article makes an investigation on the provisions of the implementation rules of the People ' s Court of 28 provinces , autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government , including the wide range of " compensation from wide " and the comprehensive consideration factors and specific provisions in the application .
Secondly , on the basis of the investigation of the application of " compensation from the wide " , the author investigates the present situation of the application of " compensation " from the specific case ;
Thirdly , the author investigates the expression pattern of the instrument of " compensation from broad " , and finds out the four modes of expression , namely , " confess guilt , compensation _ wide " model , " confess guilt , compensation , understanding _ wide " model , " compensation _ understanding wide " model , " compensation , understanding , repentance _ wide " mode ;
Finally , the application effect of " compensation from broad " is investigated , and the conclusion that the circumstances can influence the application of specific penalty , affect the execution mode of specific penalty , influence the change of the case and affect the initiation of penalty .

The fourth part , the analysis of the application of the sentencing circumstances of " compensation from broad " . First of all , there is a big question of the application of " compensation from the broad " , which is mainly manifested in the non - conformity of its application practice and the provisions , and the two aspects of the lack of measure and sentence in the instrument ;
Secondly , the relationship between " broad compensation " and comprehensive consideration is general , mainly manifested in its relationship with the nature of crime , uncertainty of the relationship between compensation ability , uncertainty of compensation amount , and no more than four aspects in the practice of compensation attitude ;
Once again , the independence of the application of " compensation for wide " is unknown , mainly in its application of discretionary circumstances such as confession , repentance , victim understanding , etc . ;
Finally , the compensation - related sentencing information is insufficient , the judge often claims to be wide , and the information related to the compensation can reflect the personal danger of the accused and the harm of the behavior society , which can lead to the imbalance of sentencing .

The fifth part , " compensation from wide " sentencing circumstances perfect the application suggestion . To solve the problem of " compensation from the broad " system itself and construct the relevant system two aspects proceed . It is suggested that in perfecting the system of " compensation from the broad " , it is suggested that " compensation from the broad " should be the statutory sentencing plot , clarify the relation between " compensation " and consideration factor , and determine the influence of " compensation from broad " to " compensation from broad " with other discretion .
In the construction of the relevant system , the system of measuring the punishment information of " compensation from the wide " is established , and the sentencing mechanism of " compensation from the wide " is constructed , so as to guarantee the perfect and reasonable application of the sentencing circumstances of " compensation from a wide " and realize the justice of the justice of the punishment and the justice of the criminal law .
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924

【参考文献】