污染环境罪的保护法益及其具体展开

发布时间：2018-07-26 12:01

【摘要】：法益与利益之间关系密切，，法益是利益在法律上的动态反映。从语义上看，法益是指由法益主体所享有的法律利益，其范围包括现实利益和期待利益。污染环境罪的法益即环境利益，具有生态性、广泛性和国际性；环境是指自然环境和社会环境，其外延包括生态环境；环境利益的主体除了自然人、法人及其他组织和国家之外，在一定程度上还包括非人类存在物；环境利益的内容因不同的环境而有所不同。与污染环境罪的保护法益密切联系，污染环境罪的行为方式主要包括环境污染行为、水污染行为、大气污染行为、海洋污染行为、固体废弃物污染行为，结果包括实害结果和危险结果。污染环境罪的因果关系对传统刑法因果关系理论提出了严峻挑战，因危害行为具有复杂性、持久性、不可预测性、高科技性，因此以高度盖然性为证明标准的疫果因果关系学说为准确认定污染环境罪的因果关系提供了理论支撑。污染环境罪的保护法益影响着污染环境罪的罪过形式。单一罪过形式仅能把污染环境罪的罪过形式界定为故意或过失，而不能同时包括故意和过失。通过对污染环境罪的保护法益和《刑法》第338条的文理分析，污染环境罪的罪过形式既包括故意也包括过失。因此，在污染环境罪的罪过形式上，应当提倡既包括故意又包括过失的混合罪过形式。根据《刑法》第338条的规定，在污染环境罪的处罚上延续的是传统的刑罚处罚方法，包括自由刑和罚金刑。其局限性主要表现为：刑罚种类单一、操作性差、处罚力度低等。新形势下，为了实现对污染环境罪的有效处罚，应当扩大刑罚幅度和提高罚金刑的可操作性；与此同时，应当根据污染环境罪保护法益的特殊性把传统刑罚处罚方法和非刑罚处罚方法结合起来。
[Abstract]:Legal interest is closely related to interest, which is the dynamic reflection of interest in law. From the semantic point of view, legal interest refers to the legal interest enjoyed by the subject of legal interest, and its scope includes realistic interest and expected interest. The legal interests of the crime of polluting the environment, that is, the interests of the environment, are ecological, extensive and international; the environment refers to the natural environment and the social environment, the extension of which includes the ecological environment; the main body of the environmental interest is the natural person, In addition to legal persons and other organizations and countries, non-human beings are included to a certain extent; the content of environmental interests varies from environment to environment. The behavior of environmental pollution crime mainly includes environmental pollution behavior, water pollution behavior, air pollution behavior, marine pollution behavior, solid waste pollution behavior, The results included actual damage and dangerous results. The causality of environmental pollution crime poses a severe challenge to the traditional theory of causality in criminal law, because of its complexity, persistence, unpredictability and high technology. Therefore, the theory of causality of epidemic fruit based on high probability provides theoretical support for the accurate identification of causality of environmental pollution crime. The interests of the protection law of the crime of polluting the environment affect the form of the crime of pollution of the environment. A single form of crime can only define the crime of polluting the environment as intentional or negligent, but not both intentional and negligent. Through the analysis of the law of protection of the crime of pollution of the environment and the article 338 of the Criminal Law, it is found that the crime of pollution of the environment includes both intentional and negligent. Therefore, in the crime of pollution of the environment, we should advocate the mixed form of crime, which includes both intentional and negligent. According to Article 338 of the Criminal Law, the traditional punishment methods, including freedom penalty and fine penalty, continue in the punishment of environmental pollution crime. Its limitation mainly shows: the penalty type is single, the operation is poor, the punishment intensity is low. Under the new situation, in order to realize the effective punishment for the crime of polluting the environment, we should expand the scope of the penalty and improve the operability of the fine; at the same time, The traditional penalty method and the non-penalty method should be combined according to the particularity of the environmental pollution crime protection law.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.36

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