建设工程领域重大责任事故罪主体研究

发布时间：2018-08-18 17:13

【摘要】：随着社会经济的发展,生产作业活动中重大责任事故也相继出现,近年来在建设工程领域发生概率尤其偏高。我们在预防相关事故发生的同时,对主体责任怎样界定这个问题应当进行更为深入的思考。虽然对于该罪主体问题,相关司法解释已多次给予概念上的明确和范围上的限定,但主体范围的"扩"与"缩"仍成为学界关注的焦点。对于组织领导者的刑事责任应如何认定,仍存在难以把握之处。本文依据业务过失犯理论与监督过失责任理论,通过理论研读与判例分析,将直接责任人主体、组织领导者主体、适用中的存疑主体、单位主体进行了系统研究。第一部分是关于建设工程领域重大责任事故罪主体的概述。首先阐述研究背景,介绍该罪主体发生的历史沿革以及发展趋势。然后从生活中建设工程领域遇到的三类主体进行主要介绍,最后从理论和实践两方面提出本文的研究意义。第二部分是结合案例,提出目前建设工程领域重大责任事故罪主体认定方面存在的问题。首先笔者将对前期研读的52则案例进行列举、分类,说明研究的必要性。同时对发生在呼和浩特市的一则关于重大责任事故罪的典型案例进行陈述,围绕"饭店总经理刘某在二层饭店承包出去的前提下是否承担重大责任事故"为核心,做出简要分析并提出本文所要核心解决的问题。接下来从"规"、"责"、"生产、作业"这三个点对于被追究主体应当具备的特点进行理解,并提出实务中遇到的困惑和疑问。最后对于"单位主体是否该被追究刑事责任"的正反两方面观点进行阐述。第三部分是对于前文提出的问题进行分析,并就建设领域重大责任事故罪主体的认定做出笔者的建议。首先运用学界对此问题引用最多的业务过失理论、监督过失理论,结合文章第二部分着重研读的典型案例,进行理论化分析,以此阐述笔者对于典型案例中"直接责任人张某某"和"负有监督义务的刘某"应当追究其刑事责任的观点。同时将研究的结果应用到"法人代表"、"监理"这两个目前适用重大责任事故罪存疑的主体中。接着提出德国、西班牙刑法中的类似条款,说明我国应向追究直接责任人"法条专业化"、认定重大责任事故"法条业务化"发展的必要性。并提出主体的认定,应当有明确的参照标准。然后从此罪与彼罪的区分上、不同的时间和刑法的条文中对责任进行确定。最后对于单位主体的追究提出笔者的意见——追究单位主体本身具备理论基础,有着较强的可行性,对于各单位的安全生产还有着良好的预防效果。
[Abstract]:With the development of social economy, major accidents of responsibility have appeared in production activities. In recent years, the probability of occurrence in the field of construction engineering is on the high side. At the same time, we should think deeply about how to define the subject responsibility. Although the relevant judicial explanations have given the definition of the subject of the crime and the limitation of the scope many times, the "enlargement" and "contraction" of the scope of the subject have still become the focus of attention in academic circles. It is still difficult to grasp how to determine the criminal responsibility of organization leaders. Based on the theory of professional negligence crime and the theory of supervisory negligence liability, through theoretical study and case analysis, this paper makes a systematic study on the subject of direct responsible person, the subject of organization leader, the subject of doubt in application, and the subject of unit. The first part is a summary of the main body of the crime of major liability accident in the field of construction engineering. Firstly, the background of the research is expounded, and the historical evolution and development trend of the subject of the crime are introduced. Then it mainly introduces the three kinds of subjects in the field of construction engineering in life, and finally puts forward the significance of this paper from the two aspects of theory and practice. The second part is combining the case, puts forward the existing problems in the main body of the crime of major liability accident in the field of construction engineering. Firstly, the author enumerates, classifies and explains the necessity of 52 cases. At the same time, a typical case on the crime of major liability accident that occurred in Hohhot City was described, with the core of "whether or not Liu Mou, the general manager of the hotel, will undertake a major liability accident under the premise of contracting out the second floor hotel". Make a brief analysis and put forward the core of this paper to solve the problem. Then, from the three points of "regulation", "responsibility", "production", "operation", we should understand the characteristics of the subject being investigated, and put forward the puzzles and questions encountered in practice. Finally, the author expounds the pros and cons of whether the unit subject should be investigated for criminal responsibility. The third part is the analysis of the problems raised above, and the author's suggestions on the determination of the main body of the crime of major liability accident in the construction field. First of all, using the theory of professional negligence, the theory of supervision fault, and combining the typical cases studied in the second part of the article, the theoretical analysis is carried out. This paper expounds the author's point of view that the criminal responsibility should be investigated in typical cases, such as "Zhang so and so directly responsible" and "Liu Mou, who has supervisory obligation". At the same time, the results of the study are applied to "legal person representative" and "supervision", which are the two main bodies that are currently applicable to the crime of serious liability accident. Then it puts forward similar clauses in German and Spanish criminal law, which shows that our country should investigate the direct responsible person "law article specialization", and confirm the necessity of the development of "law article specialization". And puts forward the main body's confirmation, should have the clear reference standard. Then the distinction between the crime and the crime, different time and criminal law provisions to determine the responsibility. Finally, the author puts forward the author's opinion on the investigation of the unit subject, which has a theoretical basis and a strong feasibility, and has a good preventive effect on the safety production of each unit.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D924.3

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