拐卖妇女、儿童罪认定的若干问题研究

发布时间：2018-08-20 12:52

【摘要】：拐卖妇女、儿童罪是世界各国严厉打击的重要犯罪之一，它是一个严重侵害公民人身权利的罪名，这种犯罪行为的蔓延和扩展会影响社会的和谐稳定。我国1979年《刑法》中规定了拐卖人口罪，这样就以法律形式明文规定了拐卖人口罪的犯罪形式、犯罪构成以及犯罪行为应承担的法律后果，使司法工作者在司法实践活动中有法可依。后来，随着社会的迅猛发展和城乡二元经济的深化，人们的思维模式也随之发生变化，80年代开始，妇女、儿童已成为了不法分子的主要犯罪对象，90年代以来，拐卖妇女、儿童的犯罪活动日益猖獗起来。我国1997年对刑法进行了一次新的修订，取消了拐卖人口罪，出台了一项新的罪名，即拐卖妇女、儿童罪。妇女和儿童是社会中的弱势群体，他们的生理、身体条件相对都较弱，而且自身保护意识和自我防范能力都较低，因此成为犯罪分子重点侵害的对象。从本质上来说，拐卖妇女、儿童其实就是把妇女和儿童当成一种商品来进行交易，这样不仅对妇女、儿童的身心带来巨大的伤害，还会破坏家庭的幸福和社会的安定团结。近年来，我国针对此罪出台了相应的法律文件和司法解释，但由于现实中的犯罪活动是不断发展变化的，这就对我国立法工作者提出了更高的要求，现有的立法活动还存在一些不足和缺陷。本文主要运用了文献研究法和实证研究法，着重从以下几个方面对拐卖妇女、儿童犯罪活动进行认定：首先，本文对拐卖妇女、儿童罪的选题来源、依据、研究现状及研究方法进行了简要的阐述和分析，同时对拐卖妇女、儿童罪认定问题研究的理论价值和现实价值进行了说明。笔者力图寻求到较适合的理论依据和研究方法，更好的对拐卖妇女、儿童罪的认定问题进行深入的探究。接下来，本文通过对拐卖妇女、儿童罪的犯罪特点，出现的原因以及带来的消极影响等三方面进行了阐述，，以便大家能够更好的理解这项罪名的重要性和危害。其次，本文对拐卖妇女、儿童罪的犯罪对象进行了较深入的研究和剖析，笔者通过山西黑煤窑事件、拐卖两性人事件、父母出卖亲生子女等案例对拐卖妇女、儿童罪的犯罪对象（拐卖14周岁以上的男性、两性人、亲生子女）进行扩大性研究。再次，笔者主要对司法实践活动中拐卖妇女、儿童罪罪与非罪的认定问题进行了探讨，其中包括拐卖妇女、儿童罪与收买被拐卖的妇女、儿童罪、拐骗儿童罪、绑架罪的辨析，以此便于我们对拐卖妇女、儿童罪进行更准确的认定。最后，本文针对我国现有的关于打击拐卖妇女、儿童犯罪法律规定的局限性提出了若干立法建议，即扩大犯罪对象、准确认定中间人的性质、规定法定从宽情节等。笔者试图通过对拐卖妇女、儿童犯罪认定的有关问题进行研究，寻求找到打击此类犯罪活动更好的途径和方法。
[Abstract]:The crime of abducting and selling women and children is one of the most important crimes severely cracked down by all countries all over the world. It is a serious crime against the personal rights of citizens. The spread and expansion of this crime will affect the harmony and stability of the society. The criminal law of 1979 provides for the crime of trafficking in human beings. In this way, the form of crime, the constitution of the crime and the legal consequences of the criminal act are clearly stipulated in the form of law. So that the judicial workers in judicial practice activities can be based on the law. Later, with the rapid development of society and the deepening of the dual economy between urban and rural areas, people's thinking patterns have also changed since the 1980s. Since the 1990s, women and children have become the main targets of crimes committed by lawbreakers. Since the 1990s, they have abducted and sold women. Children's criminal activities are on the rise. In 1997, our country carried on a new amendment to the criminal law, abolished the crime of trafficking in human beings, and introduced a new crime, that is, the crime of trafficking in women and children. Women and children are the vulnerable groups in society, their physiological and physical conditions are relatively weak, and their self-protection consciousness and self-defense ability are lower, so they become the focus of criminal aggression. In essence, trafficking in women and children is actually dealing with women and children as a commodity, which not only brings great harm to women and children, but also undermines the happiness of families and the stability and unity of society. In recent years, our country has issued the corresponding legal documents and judicial explanations for this crime, but because of the continuous development and change of the criminal activities in reality, this has put forward higher requirements to the legislative workers of our country. There are still some shortcomings and defects in the existing legislative activities. This article mainly uses the literature research method and the empirical research method, emphatically from the following several aspects carries on the determination to the trafficking in women, the child crime activity: first, this article to trafficking the woman, the child crime topic choice origin, the basis, The present research situation and research methods are briefly described and analyzed. At the same time, the theoretical and practical value of the research on the crime of trafficking in women and children is explained. The author tries to find a more suitable theoretical basis and research methods to better identify the crime of trafficking in women and children. Then, this article through the crime of trafficking in women, children, the characteristics of the crime, causes and bring the negative impact of three aspects, so that we can better understand the importance and harm of this charge. Secondly, this article has carried on the more thorough research and the analysis to the crime object of the crime of trafficking in women and children, the author through the Shanxi black coal mine incident, the abduction and sale of both sexes, parents selling their own children and other cases to kidnap and sell women. The target of child crime (abduction and trafficking of male, bisexual, biological children over 14 years of age) conducted an expanded study. Thirdly, the author mainly discusses the identification of the crime of kidnapping and selling women, the crime of children and the crime of kidnapping, including the crime of kidnapping and selling women, the crime of children, the crime of abducting children, and the crime of kidnapping. In this way, we can more accurately identify the crime of trafficking in women and children. Finally, this paper puts forward some legislative suggestions on the limitation of the existing legal provisions on combating trafficking in women and children, that is, to expand the object of the crime, accurately identify the nature of the middleman, and stipulate the legal leniency and so on. The author tries to find a better way and method to combat this kind of criminal activity by studying the related problems of the crime of kidnapping and trafficking of women and children.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.34

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