环境监管失职罪探析

发布时间：2018-08-22 17:38

【摘要】：20世纪中后期,环境问题己经成为影响人类生活和社会发展的头号公敌。世界各国都开始尝试以行政的手段保护环境,制定非常多的环境行政法,并以民法、刑法配合实施。我国1997年刑法典中新增环境监管失职罪,是指负有环境保护监督管理职责的国家机关工作人员严重不负责任,从而导致发生重大污染事故,使公私财产受到重大损失或者重大人身伤亡的严重后果的行为。本罪的主体为负有环境保护监督管理职责的国家机关工作人员；本罪主观方面立法规定为过失；本罪的客体包括国家对环境保护工作的正常监管制度和公民的环境权,并且两客体之间具有层次性；本罪的客观方面是指严重不负责任而且造成严重后果,危害行为的表现形式是不依法履行法定职责和不正确履行法定职责是本罪。环境监管失职罪的立法规定的罪状表述,主体规定、本罪危害结果、因果关系的判定有其自己的标准。本罪在主体(应明确主体范围)、主观方面(应包括问接故意)、罪状表述方面(应将危害后果作为加重情节)、法定刑设置方面(应加重处罚力度并配以附加刑)等方面存在着缺陷。本文对国外(美国、德国、越南、韩国以及国际组织)环境监管失职行为的刑事立法进行考察,从国外对于环境监管失职的立法体例、技术、法定刑和刑种等方面得到启示,为完善现行我国环境监管失职罪立法规定,本文从罪状、主体、主观方面、法定刑等方面提出立法建议,以便于司法实践。
[Abstract]:In the middle and late 20th century, environmental problems have become the number one public enemy affecting human life and social development. Countries all over the world begin to try to protect the environment by administrative means, formulate a lot of environmental administrative law, and cooperate with civil law and criminal law. The crime of dereliction of duty of environmental supervision was added to the Criminal Code of China in 1997, which refers to the serious irresponsibility of the personnel of state organs who have the responsibility of supervising and managing the environment, resulting in serious pollution accidents. The act of inflicting heavy losses on public or private property or serious consequences of heavy personal injury. The subject of this crime is the functionary of the state organ who is responsible for the supervision and administration of environmental protection; the subjective aspect of the crime is stipulated as negligence by legislation; the object of this crime includes the normal supervision system of the state over environmental protection and the environmental rights of citizens, And there are levels between the two objects; the objective aspect of this crime is serious irresponsibility and serious consequences. The manifestation of the harmful behavior is not to perform legal duties according to law and not to perform legal duties correctly is this crime. The criminal description, subject regulation, the result of harm and causality of the crime have their own standard in the legislative regulation of the crime of environmental supervision and dereliction of duty. This crime is in the subject (the scope of the subject should be clear), subjective aspect (including questioning and accepting intention), the description of the crime (the harmful consequence should be taken as the aggravating circumstance), the legal penalty establishment aspect (should increase the punishment intensity and be matched with the additional punishment), and so on. There are shortcomings in this area. This paper investigates the criminal legislation of environmental regulatory negligence in foreign countries (USA, Germany, Vietnam, Korea and international organizations), and draws inspiration from the legislative style, technology, legal penalty and type of punishment of environmental oversight dereliction of duty abroad. In order to perfect the current legislative provisions of the crime of dereliction of duty of environmental supervision in our country, this paper puts forward legislative suggestions from the aspects of crime, subject, subjective aspect and legal punishment, so as to facilitate judicial practice.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.3

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