“网络钓鱼”法律责任研究

发布时间：2018-08-27 17:10

【摘要】：上世纪九十年代,“网络钓鱼”作为一种新型的网络犯罪产生于美国,伴随着互联网技术的发展,迅速蔓延到世界各国。我国已进入互联网空前繁荣的时期,网络钓鱼也随着网络运用的普及而频频涌现。网络钓鱼以其窃取用户个人信息的直接性、造成经济损失的巨大性以及追回经济损失的困难性,雄霸互联网第一公害的位置。面对网络钓鱼带来的挑战,互联网技术显现出自身的不足,而法律责任的落实则能够弥补当前因技术的不足导致的治理尴尬。法律责任的功能在于预防、救济和惩罚,显然,明确各方主体所应承担的法律责任对于预防惩治网络钓鱼行为具有十分重要的现实意义。从网络钓鱼的类型来看,仿冒银行官网的网络钓鱼是钓鱼者最常选择的方式。因为通过这种方式获取用户个人信息最直接,带来的经济利益也往往更大。该文即以仿冒银行官网的网络钓鱼案件为例,主要对银行、网银用户和网络钓鱼者三大主体的法律责任进行探讨。就目前我国对仿冒银行官网的网络钓鱼案件的处理情况来看,由于网络钓鱼者身份不明、作案地点不定,受害的网银用户往往选择银行作为起诉对象。我国在案件审判中适用“谁主张,谁举证”的举证责任,而鉴于用户举证能力有限,公安机关在侦查上又具有一定难度,通常用户只能自己承担“被钓鱼”的损失。长远来看,这种情况将会降低用户对网络交易的信任,从而影响网络金融的发展。而钓鱼者的行为不仅侵犯了他人的财产所有权,还触及到国家的金融管理秩序,世界主要各国都将其列入刑法规制范围。但具体以何种罪名认定,还没有达成一致意见。现有的刑法罪名对于网络钓鱼行为的规制略显欠缺,需要立足于网络钓鱼的实质特点,结合网络犯罪的发展趋势,考虑创设一个新的刑事罪名,否则难以有效规制网络钓鱼行为。该文通过对网络钓鱼行为中存在的争议问题进行论证讨论,试图通过对相关主体之间法律关系的分析,构建一套合理的责任承担体系。
[Abstract]:In the 1990s, phishing, as a new type of cybercrime, emerged in the United States. With the development of Internet technology, it spread rapidly to all countries in the world. China has entered a period of unprecedented prosperity of the Internet, phishing has emerged frequently with the popularity of the use of the network. Phishing, because of its directness of stealing users' personal information, causing huge economic losses and the difficulty of recovering economic losses, is the first public hazard position of the Internet. Faced with the challenge of phishing, Internet technology shows its own shortcomings, and the implementation of legal responsibility can make up for the embarrassment of governance caused by the lack of technology. The function of legal liability lies in prevention, relief and punishment. Obviously, it is of great practical significance to make clear the legal liability that the parties should bear in order to prevent and punish phishing. Phishing is the most common form of phishing by phishing banks. Because it is the most direct way to obtain personal information, the economic benefits are often greater. This paper takes phishing cases of counterfeit bank's official website as an example, mainly discusses the legal liability of the three main bodies: bank, net bank user and network angler. As far as the handling of phishing cases on the official website of counterfeit banks in China is concerned, because the identity of the online anglers is unknown and the location of the crimes is uncertain, the injured users often choose the bank as the object of prosecution. Our country applies the burden of proof of "who claims, who proves" in the case trial, but in view of the user's limited ability to prove evidence, the public security organ has some difficulty in investigation, usually the user can only bear the loss of "being fished" by himself. In the long run, this situation will reduce users' trust in online transactions, thus affecting the development of network finance. The behavior of the anglers not only infringes upon the property ownership of others, but also touches the financial management order of the country, which is included in the scope of criminal law regulation by major countries in the world. However, no agreement has yet been reached on what kind of charges to identify. The existing criminal law crime has a slight deficiency in the regulation of phishing behavior. It needs to be based on the essential characteristics of phishing and consider the creation of a new criminal offence in combination with the development trend of cyber crime. Otherwise, it is difficult to regulate phishing effectively. This paper tries to construct a reasonable liability system by analyzing the legal relationship between related subjects through the argumentation and discussion of the controversial problems existing in phishing behavior.
【学位授予单位】：天津财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.3

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