冒充警察搜身取财行为定性问题研究

发布时间：2018-09-01 13:29

【摘要】：为了维护国家机关的威信及其工作人员的形象，也为了保证国家机器的平稳运行，我国1979年刑法典规定了招摇撞骗罪，1997年修订后的刑法典在之前的基础上增加了“冒充警察招摇撞骗的从重处罚”的规定。但是，由于受限于立法技术，加之司法解释的缺失，使检察官和法官们难以把握情节对相关案件进行准确定性。学界对于招摇撞骗罪的争议也一直在持续，没有形成一个主流的、使多数人信服的观点。本文选取了笔者在沈阳市人民检察院实习期间协助办理的一起真实案例，在全面分析被告人行为、被害人心理状态等方面的基础上，结合现阶段学界的研究成果，总结出了招摇撞骗罪在司法实践中出现的问题和解决方式。笔者着眼于本案的争议焦点，认为被告人暴力行为的认定与否是招摇撞骗案件的疑难问题之一。在此类案件中，被告人做出的暴力行为通常是其冒充或者欺骗行为的组成部分，所以在暴力程度较低的情况下，不应当将其行为划归为暴力。同理于暴力的认定，诸如此类案件中被告人的系列行为包含的类似于胁迫、威胁或者要挟行为也应当予以全面考察。招摇撞骗罪与诈骗罪的竞合问题也是司法实践中的难点之一，，笔者在综合各方观点后，认为二者属于法条竞合中的交叉竞合，应当按照“择一重罪处罚”的原则进行处断。本案一审法院认定二被告人构成抢劫罪，并且属于抢劫罪的加重情节——冒充军警抢劫，判处二被告人有期徒刑十年，并处罚金。笔者认为该判决适用法律错误，从而导致判决有违我国刑法的罪责刑相适应原则。这同时也是笔者撰写论文的目的，期望通过对案例的全面分析，结合案情，对该案有一个相对合理和中肯的结论，以期能够对招摇撞骗罪的相关司法实践有些许帮助，为促进刑法保障人权和惩罚犯罪的结合奉献绵薄之力。
[Abstract]:In order to maintain the prestige of state organs and the image of their staff, and also to ensure the smooth operation of the state machinery, The criminal code of our country in 1979 stipulated the crime of scamming and cheating, and the revised criminal code of 1997 added the stipulation of "the heavier punishment of impersonating police cheating" on the basis of the previous criminal code. However, due to the limitation of legislative techniques and the lack of judicial interpretation, it is difficult for prosecutors and judges to define the relevant cases accurately. The controversy about the crime of scamming and cheating has not formed a mainstream and convincing point of view. This paper selects a real case that the author assisted in the practice of Shenyang people's Procuratorate. On the basis of comprehensive analysis of the behavior of the defendant and the psychological state of the victim, combined with the current academic research results, Summed up the crime of deception in the judicial practice of the problems and solutions. Focusing on the focus of the dispute, the author thinks that the identification of the defendant's violent behavior is one of the difficult problems in the fraud case. In such cases, the acts of violence committed by the accused are usually part of their impersonation or deceit, so in the case of low level of violence, the acts should not be classified as violence. By the same token of violence, the series of actions of the accused in such cases should also be examined in a comprehensive way, similar to coercion, threats or threats. It is also one of the difficulties in judicial practice that the competition between the crime of scamming and cheating and the crime of fraud is one of the difficulties in judicial practice. After synthesizing the views of all parties, the author thinks that the two belong to the cross-competing of the competing articles of law, and should be decided according to the principle of "choosing a felony punishment". The court of first instance in this case found that the two defendants constituted the crime of robbery, and that the aggravated circumstance of the crime of robbery-impersonating military police robbery, sentenced the two defendants to fixed-term imprisonment of 10 years and a fine. The author thinks that the judgment is wrong in application of law, which results in the judgment being contrary to the principle of crime, responsibility and punishment of our country's criminal law. At the same time, it is the purpose of the author to write the thesis. I hope that through the comprehensive analysis of the case and the case, there will be a relatively reasonable and pertinent conclusion on the case, in the hope that it can be of some help to the relevant judicial practice of the crime of bluffing and cheating. To promote the criminal law to protect human rights and punish the combination of crime dedicated to a modest force.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.3

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