论刑法中自救行为的限度

发布时间：2018-09-03 10:50

【摘要】：从历史到现实的脉络中,自救行为就是客观存在的。应当说,自救行为与法治原则的理念并不冲突,自救行为能够保障法治的完善。其合法性得到诸多国家认可,甚至明文现于某些国家的法律条文。我国理论学界对自救行为持肯定态度。然而,存在就意味着合理吗?自救行为源于复仇思维,附着侵害属性,在公力救济主导维权背景下,并经与公权力长久磨合后,如今受肯定的只流于表,因此在实践层面,自救行为存在性常被掩于正当防卫、紧急避险等法定违法性阻却事由之下。自救行为是一把“双刃剑”,认可自救行为阻却违法的同时,也要限制其自身无法避免的副作用。“限度”问题亟需被摆于台面上:面对自救行为在现实中存在的问题和隐藏的冲突,有必要通过法律权衡利益,科学、合理地设计自救行为适用的犯罪类型、时空、行为等限度条件,将其控制在与法秩序、社会伦理和谐的范围内。自救行为的本质区别于正当防卫与紧急避险,但它们对自救行为具备参照意义,不仅指引自救行为人如何作为,也为司法实践中可能触及的错误自救与特殊形式自救的理解和裁判指明方向,填补人权合理保障之空白。
[Abstract]:From history to reality, self-saving behavior exists objectively. It should be said that there is no conflict between self-rescue behavior and the principle of rule of law, and self-rescue behavior can guarantee the perfection of the rule of law. Its legitimacy has been recognized by many countries, even express in some countries of the legal provisions. The academic circle of our country holds a positive attitude towards self-rescue behavior. However, does being mean reasonable? The self-saving behavior originates from the revenge thought, adheres to the encroachment attribute, under the public relief dominant rights protection background, and after long running-in with the public power, now receives the affirmation only to flow in the table, therefore in the practice aspect, The existence of self-rescue behavior is often covered by legitimate defense, emergency avoidance and other legal illegal reasons. Self-saving behavior is a "double-edged sword". The problem of "limit" needs to be put on the table: in the face of the problems and hidden conflicts of self-rescue behavior in reality, it is necessary to balance the interests by law, scientifically and reasonably design the types of crime, space-time and space-time for self-rescue behavior. Limited conditions such as behavior are controlled in harmony with legal order and social ethics. The nature of self-rescue behavior is different from legitimate defense and emergency risk avoidance, but they have reference significance to self-rescue behavior, not only to guide the self-rescue actor how to act, It also points out the direction for the understanding and judgment of wrong self-saving and special self-rescue in judicial practice, and fills in the blanks of reasonable protection of human rights.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D924

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